Study On Nutrition Status And Risk Factors Of Major Chronic Diseases In Tianjin

Objective: To know the nutrition and health conditions,as well as the risk factors of main chronic diseases in Tianjin,by analyzing data of diet and behaviors of Tianjin residents.Provide basis for promoting ‘China Healthy Lifestyle for All',and also for government to make related policies in order to take better intervention methods.Methods: Adopt the stratified random cluster sampling to extract the residents from urban,suburban,and rural area from 2010 to 2012.In each area 75 families from each community were extracted.The survey contained questionnaire survey,medical examination and laboratory test.We adopt chi-square test,t test,multivariate logistic analysis with SPSS18.0 to analyze the data according to their distribution characteristics.Result: Compared with the recommended intake of Chinese Diet Guidelines,the intake of cereal,meat and eggs in Tianjin residents was almost qualified.The intake of fruits,fish,milk,beans and nuts was obviously lower,while the intake of salt and oil was higher.Especially the salt,which reached 10.81 g,nearly twice as much as the recommended intake.The regular exercise rate was only 15.5%,which was higher in men than in women.The regular exercise rate and time were the highest in adolescents and children,while the rate and time of other age groups increase with age.The average daily sedentary time was 3.04 h,and higher in patients of diabetes and hyperlipidemia than in normal persons.The rate of lacking sleep was 35.6%,which was higher in men than in women,and also higher in adolescents and children than in other age groups.The current smoking rate in middle age group was 35.4%.The standardized current smoking rate in women was 9.0%,which was much higher than the national level in 2010(2.4%).The passive smoke rate in adolescents was the highest(57.0%)among all the age groups,and decreased with age.The current drinking rate was 32.2%,which was higher in men(55.9%)than in women(12.6%),and increased with age.It reached a maximum value of 38.7% in middle age group,and then decreased to 27.3% in old age group.The standardized overweight rate declined from 39.1% to 37.2% since 2002,while the obesity rate rose from 20.6% to 29.0%.The standardized central obesity rate was 64.3%,which was higher in men than in women among young persons and got an opposite result among old persons.The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension was 34.9%,lower than the one in 2002(39.3%),and was higher in men than in women.The age of onset tended to be younger,and increased with age.The standardized prevalence rate of diabetes in Tianjin was 12.0%,which has grown by 2.7% over that of 2002.It increased with age and got a maximum value of 25.0% in old-age group.The standardized prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia rose a little from 26.2% in 2002 to 27.2% in 2010.Analysis of logistic regression showed that increasing of TC/TG,excessive oil intake were risk factors of overweight and obesity,while increasing of HDL-C was a protective factor.Age,family history,gender,increasing of TC/TG,smoking,sleep deprivation were all risk factors of hypertension,while area(suburban)and income(medium)were two protective factors.Age,family history,area,BMI ? 28 kg/m2,central obesity,increasing of TC/TG,hypertension,sleep deprivation and sedentary lifestyle were all risk factors of diabetes.Gender,BMI?24 kg/m2,diabetes and sedentary lifestyle were risk factors of hyperlipidemia,while exercising was a protective factor,regardless the frequency.Conclusion: There was a good variety in food consumption of the residents in Tianjin from 2010 to 2012.However,the intake of vegetables,fruits,dairy,legume and nuts were lower.In contrast,there was an excessive intake of salt and oil.The regular exercise rate and time were better in old-age person than in middle-age and young person.The rate of lacking sleep was highest in adolescents and children.The current smoking rate in women was much higher than the national level.The passive smoke rate was highest in adolescents.The current smoking and drinking rate were both highest in middle-age men.Compared with 2002,the standardized prevalence rate of hypertension was decreased.Obesity,diabetes and hyperlipidemia seemed to be more popular.Age,gender,excessive oil intake,smoking and sedentary lifestyle were all risk factors of one or more chronic diseases.Prevent and treat chronic diseases should start from changing our unhealthy lifestyle.We should strengthen health promotion on balanced diet,moderate exercise and quitting smoke,in order to decrease the occurrence of chronic diseases and disease burden arising therefrom.