| ObjectivesMalaria is one of the most serious infectious parasitic diseases in the world.It is widely prevalent in the regions of tropical and subtropical,and is one of the main threats to human health and the local economic development.Although in recent years,the World Health Organization(WHO)had taken many international projects and measures to prevent and control the malaria prevalence,greatly reducing the incidence and mortality of malaria,but Africa is still affected by malaria.The Republic of Niger(Niger)is the main area of malaria transmission.Although in last ten years the malaria controlling strategies continue to be implemented,the incidence of malaria is greatlyadvanced,but malaria is still a major disease affecting the health of the local residents and threat the public health in Niger.Local surveillance systems of malaria and the controlling measures are inadequate.Meanwhile,little study on the malaria epidemics in the Republic of Niger had been reported.The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence and the epidemic characteristics of malaria in Niger from 2009 to 2014,and to provide the scientific evidence for malaria prevention and control strategies.MethodsThis study collected the number of malaria cases,death cases,severe malaria cases and pregnant women cases,the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the prevalence characteristics of malaria in Niger as the distribution of time,regions and population,and focuses on the analysis of malaria cases in children under 5 years old,the time and regions distribution.Using the X2 trend test to analysis the malaria time prevalence trends,and using the X2 test to analysis whether there is statistical difference of malaria prevalence,mortality and fatality in cases of epidemiological characteristics.Results(1)The epidemic situation of malariaThe overall prevalence was 23.88%,the mortality was 0.022% and the fatality was 0.11%.The number of severe malaria cases accounted for6.58% oftotal malaria cases,and the number of malaria cases in pregnant women accounted for 2.11% of total malaria cases.(2)Time distribution of malariaThe difference in prevalence trend of malaria in different years were statistically significant(X2=88195.82,P=0.000).The difference in mortality trend of malaria in different years were statistically significant(X2=940.64,P=0.000).The difference in fatality trend of malaria in different years were statistically significant(X2=1698.55,P=0.000).(3)Regions distribution of malariaMalaria prevalence was the highest(24.19%)in DOSSO,and the lowest(11.42%)in AGADEZ.The difference in prevalence of malaria in different regions were statistically significant(X2=519232.31,P=0.000).Malaria mortality was the highest(0.042%)in DIFFA,and the lowest(0.004%)in NIAMEY.The difference in mortality of malaria in different regions were statistically significant(X2=2608.07,P=0.000).Malaria fatality was the highest(0.50%)in AGADEZ,and the lowest(0.02%)in NIAMEY.The difference in fatality of malaria in different regions were statistically significant(X2=4704.21,P=0.000).(4)Population distribution of malariaIn the distribution of age,the proportion of malaria cases under the 5 yearsold was 52.24%,and the difference in prevalence of malaria in different ages were statistically significant(X2=2.196x107,P=0.000).The difference in mortality of malaria in different ages were statistically significant(X2=33050.94,P=0.000).difference in fatality of malaria in different ages were statistically significant(X2=969.60,P=0.000).(5)The epidemic situation of malaria under the 5 years oldThe prevalence of malaria under the 5 years old was 54.65%,the mortality was 0.071% and the fatality was 0.13%.(6)Time distribution of malaria under the 5 years oldThe difference in prevalence of malaria in different years were statistically significant under the 5 years old(X2=5901.28,P=0.000).The difference in mortality of malaria in different years were statistically significant under the 5years old(X2=233.58,P=0.000).The difference in fatality of malaria in different years were statistically significant under the 5 years old(X2=341.50,P=0.000).(7)Regions distribution of malaria under the 5 years oldMalaria prevalence under the 5 years old was the highest(68.73%)in NIAMEY,and the lowest(20.96%)in AGADEZ.The difference in prevalence of malaria under the 5 years old in different regions were statistically significant(X2=1148153.81,P=0.000).Malaria mortality was the highest under the 5years old(0.0944%)in TILLABERI,and the lowest(0.0059%)in NIAMEY.The difference in mortality of malaria under the 5 years old in different regions were statistically significant(X2=1367.07,P=0.000).Malaria fatality under the5 years old was the highest(0.405%)in AGADEZ,and the lowest(0.009%)in NIAMEY.The difference in fatality of malaria in different regions were statistically significant(X2=2381.57,P=0.000).ConclusionThe prevalence trend of malaria in Niger from 2009 to 2014 is with variety interval of one year.Except for 2010,malaria mortality and fatality were stable.Malaria prevalence mainly distributed in the regions of DOSSO,MARADI and TAHOUA.Children under the 5 years old are the focus population of malaria infection in Niger,and the prevalence and mortality under the 5 years old are higher than that in nation,but fatality is almost equal. |
PDF Full Text Request