| The pollution of cadmium has become a serious global environmental problem to threaten human health,because the cadmium are widely used in electroplating,chemical,electronic and nuclear industry,its biological half-life about 10 to 40 years,cadmium intake can cause damages to organs and tissues through a variety of complex pathways.However,the detailed mechanism of toxicity is not clear.It is known that the main damages of cadmium to the body are bone injury,kidney damage,genital toxicity and induced cancer.In this research,Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a model to study the toxic effect of 10,20,40,80 and 160 μM cadmium concentration.The growth vigor,intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione,as well as the number of viable bacteria in the culture medium were measured under the five concentrations of cadmium.The results showed that cadmium concentration higher than 20 μM can obviously inhibite the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are at a standstill in the concentration of 160 μM.Under the condition of different concentrations of cadmium,the growth vigor and the number of viable bacteria in the culture medium decrease with the increase of cadmium concentration,under the high concentration of 160 pM,the growth vigor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was lower than that of the control group(20%),and the number of viable bacteria in culture medium was less than that of the control group(10%).The intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione increase with the increase of cadmium concentration,under the high concentration of 160 μM,the intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione were 2 times higher than those in the control group.Then the Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also used as a model,the effects of Zn2+,Fe2+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Se4+,Vitamin C and Cys on the toxicity of cadmium were studied through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment.The growth vigor,growth activity,intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione were used as indicators.The results showed that the low concentrations(10 and 20 μM)of cadmium,Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be basically restored by adding the 7 kinds of substances.In the two high concentrations(40 and 80 μM)of cadmium,the addition of the 7 kinds of substances can reduce the toxicity of cadmium on Saccharomyces cerevisiae,but cannot have the effect of recovery.In order to verify the effect of the 7 kinds of substances on the toxicity of cadmium,and the results of the transcriptome sequencing done by our laboratory early,on the basis of previous experiments,we studied the effects of mixed substance on the toxicity of low cadmium concentration in mice.Except the 7 kinds of substances identified in above experiment,substances with antioxidant effects in animals like vitamin E,vitamin B1,vitamin B6,heme and curcumin has also added.As the results show,the mixtures can significantly decrease the accumulation of cadmium in the kidney and liver of mice,cadmium content in kidney and liver of mice of cadmium treatment group is 4.77 and 2.09μg/g respectively,the cadmium content in kidney and liver of the four groups was lower than that of the cadmium treatment group(50%).It can also restore the content of catalase,superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the kidney and liver of mice.Finally,the results of observation of tissue sections show that the mixtures can reduce the toxic effects of cadmium on kidney and liver.Chronic cadmium poisoning is caused by the accumulation of cadmium for a long time,and there is no effective antidote to chronic cadmium toxicity,besides the toxicity induced by cadmium is multifaceted.Therefore,a single element or compounds cannot play a role of complete inhibition of cadmium toxicity.Therefore,in the process of cadmium exposure,to give effective treatment of cadmium toxicity as soon as possible,can greatly prevent the poisoning of cadmium on tissues and organs. |
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