Studies On The Chemical Constituents Of Rhizome Zingiberis And Maca

Objective:Rhizoma zingiberis is the dried roots of the zingiberaceae plants of the Zingiberaceae Zingiber officinale Rose. Dried ginger is a kind of Chinese traditional medicine. It is obviously different in treatment of disease from the fresh. The fresh ginger is frequently reported. To make a better exploitation of dried ginger, we had a research of the dried ginger in order to explain its chemical constituents and to lay the material basis for the pharmacological test and efficacy mechanism.Maca is the rhizoma of Lepidium plants of the Lepidium meyenii Walp. It is most planted in the Andes in South America and Lijiang Yun-nan province of China. It can be used to cure the rheumatim, respiratory disease, gynecopathy sexual dysfunction. In order to explain the mechanism of maca, we conducted the research of the chemical constituents of Maca.Methods:The dried ginger was smashed and then extracted with 95% EtOAc under reflux for three times, two hours each time. The crude extracts were collected and filtered. Then the decoction was smashed and then extracted with 50% EtOH under reflux for three times, for one hour each time. After removal of the solvent of the extracts under vacuum, this part was separated by diaion HP20 macroporous resin and eluted with a solvent system of EtOH-H2O in gradient. The subfractions were analyzed and combined with TLC method, and then each subfraction was isolated and purified repeatedly by silica gel, sephadex-LH20, MCI gel CHP 20P also with TLC preparation, repeated crystallization and semi-HPLC methods. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectra of 1H-NMR、13C-NMR、 HSQC、1H-1H COSY、HMBC、MS、UV、IR and by their physicochemical properties.The dried Maca was crumbled to smalls and extracted with 50%EtOH under reflux for three times, for two hour each time. Filtered the crude and removal of the solvent of the extracts under vacuum, the total extract was dispersed in the water, then add HC1 to editor the PH to one. Then extract with EtOAc. Next we regulated the PH to seven with NaOH. And extract with EtOAc. At last, we divided the extracts into three different fractions:EtOAc(H+)part,EtOAc(OH-)part,and the water part. Separated the EtOAc(OH-)fraction by MCI gel CHP 20P.And eluted it with a solvent system of MeOH-H2O in gradient.And then each subfraction was isolated and purified repeatedly by silica gel,sephadex-LH20,RP-18.Repeated crystallization and semi-HPLC methods.The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectra of 1H-NMR、13C-NMR.HSQC、1H-1H COSY.HMBC.MS.UV.IR and by their physicochemical properties.Results:23 compounds were isolated and 22 compounds were identified from the dried ginger.6-Gingerol;[6]-Isodehydrogingerdione；(E)-geranylferulic Acid； [8]-Isodehydrogingerdione;[9]-shogaol;5-Hydroxy-1-(4’-Hydroxy-3’-methoxyphenyl)-4-hexadecen-3-one;3-Tetradecanone.1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl);4-Hexadecen-3-one,1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-;Linoleic acid;9,12,15-ocatade-catrienoic acid;1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid;1,2-bis(1-methylethyl)ester: [6]-shogaol;5-Hydroxy-1-(4’-Hydroxy-3’-methoxyphenyl)-4-hexadecen-3-one；3-Tetradecanone,1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-；6,9-Octadecadienoic acid；1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,1,2-bis(1-methylethyl)ester。1,3,6-Tri-hydroxy-8-methyl-anthra-quinon;5-ethoxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-tetradecan-3-one; 3’,5-diallylbiphenyl-2,4’-diol;5-(6-(2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-methoxyeth y1)-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2-hpyran-2-y1)-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol;5-(6-(3,4-dihydro xyphenethyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2-hpyran-2-y1)-3-methoxyben-zene-1,2-diol; 16 compounds were isolated and identified 16 from the Maca,1-methoxy benzene;3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid;2’,5’-dihydroxyacetop-henone; carboline;1-methyl-p-carboline；4-[(3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl;-1 ,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol;4-[(3S,3aR,6S,6aR)*6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2-meth oxyphenol;3-(α-4-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzyl)tetrahy drofuran；(S)-2-amimo-2-methyl-3-phenylpropanoicacid;2-methoxy,1,4-benzenediol; 4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol;4-Methox-yphenethyl Alcohol;p-methoxyphenol;benzyl acetate.4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid;(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-acrylic acid:3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoie acid.Conclusion:23 compounds were isolated and 22 compounds were identified from dried ginger,among them 14 were isolated from dried ginger for the first time.One is a new compound(GJA一36).Another is the new natural compound(GJA-15).16 compounds were isolated and identified 16 from Maca, among them 7 were isolated from Maca for the first time.