| BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome caused by the lack of insulin secretion or(and)insulin resistance.Sustained high levels of blood sugar can lead to a series of organs or tissue damage,such as fat metabolism disorders,kidney,heart,eye,nerve damage,etc.At present,Polysaccharides Astragalus(APS)is considered that it has the effect of antiaging,enhancing immunity,preventing lipid peroxidation and improving renal function.In this paper,the effect of APS on blood glucose level,blood lipid and renal function of diabetic rats were observed.ObjectiveThe model of type 2 diabetic rats was established by Intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg of Streptozotocin(STZ)and high fat and high glucose diet.To observe the blood glucose level,blood lipid level and liver and kidney index of rats with type 2 diabetes.To further explore the clinical value of Astragalus Polysaccharides in the treatment of diabetes and prevention of complications.Methods90 healthy Wistar male rats with 6 weeks were selected,weighing(180±15)g,the same environment,the cage feeding,free light,adequate diet,The temperature of feeding room was(23±2)℃,and the humidity was maintained at(41±15)%.Before the start of the experiment,all Wistar rats were adaptive to 1W before the experiment.Then randomly selected 60 rats using high fat and sugar diet feeding 6 weeks and were given the injection of streptozotocin.By intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin with 40 mg/kg and high fat and sugar feeding way in type 2 diabetic rats model were established In the process of building there were 48 rats eventually building success.Twelve blood sugar in 56 rats was not up to standard and was eliminated.48 randomly selected 2 diabetic rats were randomly divided into model control group(group B)and APS group(group C);Another 24 rats were normal control group(group A).The rats in B group were treated with APS 400 mg/kg/d,C and A groups were given the same amount of normal saline.6 rats were randomly collected from each group in experiment 0,2,4,6 weeks,and the metabolic cage was collected for 24 hours;Fasting for 12 hours,blood from the tail vein blood test to detect fasting blood glucose.Fasting blood glucose value greater than or equal to 16.7 mmol/L was building successThen give the same feed,after eating 0.5,1,1.5 and 2 hours after the detection of blood glucose values.In the living heart,blood was collected from 5 ml,the serum was prepared,and the TC,TG,ALT,AST,SOD and MDA were detected.The liver and kidney tissues were taken from the liver and kidney tissues to prepare paraffin sections or transmission electron microscopy.Using SPSS19.0 statistical software to analyze the relevant experimental data,and compared the differences of the 3 groups of experimental animals in different time points.The comparison between groups was performed by paired t test,and the difference was statistically significant between two two groups using independent sample t test,α=0.05 and P<0.05 P<0.05 said the difference was statistically significant.Results1.Fasting blood glucose levels:The GLU level in group B increased slowly with the experimental time,The levels of GLU in group C were decreased from second weeks.Group comparison:There was no significant difference between group B(fourth,zeroth and 6 weeks GLU)(P>0.05),The same time point of group C was significantly lower than that of zeroth weeks(P<0.05),Group comparison: At zeroth and 2 weeks,the level of GLU in group C was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between group C and group B(P>0.05);At fourth and 6 weeks,the GLU level of group C was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05),and lower than that of group B(P<0.05).2.Comparison of blood lipid levels:At 2,4 and 6 weeks,the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in group B and group C were significantly higher than those in group A(P<0.05).Group comparison:At fourth and 6 weeks,the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the group B and the group C were significantly higher than those in the zeroth week(P<0.05).Group comparison: At 2 week,the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in group C were higher than those in group A(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between group and group B(P>0.05);At fourth and 6 weeks,the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in group C were higher than those in A group(P<0.05),and lower than that in group B(P<0.05).3.Comparison of renal function indexes: Urine trace albumin: There was no significant change in urine albumin level in group A during the experiment,The level of urinary micro albumin in group B increased slowly,While at each time point,the levels of urinary albumin in group C were lower than those in group B,and it was decreased.It was found that the levels of urinary albumin in group were significantly higher than those in group A(P<0.05),but lower than that in group B(P<0.05),but lower than that in group C(P<0.05).Renal hypertrophy index: Over the experimental time,the renal hypertrophy index of the two groups of C and B were increased.But the kidney index of rats in C group grew more slowly,At fourth and 6 weeks,the rats in group C were significantly higher than those in group A(P<0.05),but lower than that in group B(P<0.05).Renal tissue morphological changes: At second weeks,the renal tissue sections of the three groups were observed with HE staining.At fourth weeks,the renal tissue sections of B and C groups were stained with HE staining to observe the slight renal tubular injury and local inflammation.At sixth weeks,the renal tubular capsule in B group increased with the increase of the expression,and the morphological changes.The renal tubular epithelial cells in group C showed mild inflammation,and some small protein aggregates were observed in the local renal tubules.The kidney tissue structure of group A had no obvious abnormalities.4.Liver index comparison: Serological index: There was no significant difference in the levels of ALT,AST,SOD and B between MDA and C group at zeroth and 2 weeks(P>0.05).In fourth and 6 weeks,the levels of A,AST and ALT in MDA group were higher than those in C group,But lower than B group.And the SOD level was lower than that of the A group,But higher than B group,The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Liver hypertrophy index: Over the experimental time,the hypertrophy index of the liver in the group B increased gradually,the increase was obvious;The liver hypertrophy index of group C showed a slow upward trend,but the growth trend is not obvious,There was no significant difference between groups at all time points(P>0.05);There was no significant change in the liver hypertrophy index of group A.Group comparison: At fourth and 6,the hypertrophy index of liver in group C was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05),but lower than that in group B(P<0.05).HE staining of liver tissue: At sixth weeks,the liver tissue of group B was significantly smaller,the nucleus became smaller,and the cells were stained,and the cytoplasm of the cells was mild;Obvious changes occurred in the contour of the liver lobule is part,liver sinus narrowed significantly,part or even disappear,lobule and portal area visible vascular dilatation and congestion.Group C rats liver tissue sections showed liver cell mild swelling,no obvious hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration;hepatic lobule structure is clear,hepatic sinusoid was before narrowing,interlobular and periportal vessels showed mild expansion.Transmission electron microscope observation:6 weeks.Group B rats liver cell swelling deformation and decrease of mitochondrial and obvious swelling,mitochondria appeared vacuolated,membrane,cristae were dissolved,fracture phenomenon;dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum,fracture,damage to the membrane structure,cell morphology changed significantly.Intracellular lipid droplets were significantly increased,and glycogen was significantly decreased.The morphology of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in B group was also changed,but the damage degree was lighter than that of group C.group A of rat liver cell rough endoplasmic reticulum arranged orderly,and more uniform distribution of ribosomes.The integrity of the mitochondrial structure,the density of the matrix,the arrangement of the mitochondria,and the structural integrity of the membrane.Conclusions1.Astragalus polysaccharide can effectively reduce the blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic rats,and improve the insulin resistance.2.Astragalus polysaccharides can reduce the levels of TC and TG,and improve the metabolism of fat in type 2 diabetic rats.3.APS can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in hepatocytes,promote the removal of oxygen species and it can ameliorate the liver injury of type 2 diabetic rats.4.Astragalus polysaccharides can reduce the liver and kidney tissue damage,improve the liver,kidney tissue cell morphology and function,reduce urinary albumin concentration and organ hypertrophy index,and then improve liver and kidney function. |
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