| Camellia oleifera is one of the important woody edible oil trees,its wide adaptability,strong resistance,cultivated more than 2,000 years of application history,but there is a widespread fruit-bearing rate in production is low,low production problems.In order to better explore the biological characteristics of the Camellia oleifera,provide theoretical and technical basis for the breeding and cultivation of high yield,We used the "xianglin 10",chamei,maogangdaguo,baipizhongzi,wantianhonghua,"xianglin 1”and "xianglin 190" seven superior clones as experimental material.through the nurse seed grafting,field control pollination and fruit setting rate research,and combining the methods of paraffin section,fluorescence microscopy observation we studied the inter-specific cross compability,the main results were as follows:1.The flowering in four varieties of single plant and population are long,flowering from late October to early December,for 40 days or so,four varieties of flowering meet.There are some differences at flower organ index of four different Camellia oleifera,there are significant differences in terms of length of the pistil,stamen number and ovule number,and corolla are more than 7cm.Camellia oleifera pollinators are mainly three kinds of vespa velutina nigrithorax Buysson,phytomia zonata and andrena camellia wu.The pollen germination rates of "xianglin 10" and chamei and maogangdaguo and baipizhongzi were 94.4%,98.7%,95.3%,81.4%,it’s male gamete is fertile.Pollen ovule ratio P/O are between 2108-195525.0,belonging to obligate outcrossing type,and consistent with the results of the detection 0CI.There are some differences between the four varieties of the indexes of economic character,each species has an advantage in certain traits,but no one species full advantage in economic characters."Xianglin 10"percentage of fruit-set is highest,have 76.84%."xianglin 10" is fresh the seed rate to be highest,is 46.25%.chamei dry seeds leave the kernel rate to be highest,is 64.32%.maogangdaguo are doing the seed rate and a kind oil length and fresh fruit oil length to be highest,respectively is 27.85%,48.86%and 7.97%.2.Take wantianhonghua and "xianglin 1" as grafted with rootstocks,take "xianglin 190" as scion.There sults showed that at day 4 after grafting the nurse seed grafting union come to being the isolation layer;at day 10 after grafting,come forth the callus in the root stock;at day 22 after grafting,the callus was found in the scion;at day 34 after grafting,the root stoek connected the seion;at day 52 after grafting,the nurse seed grafting union formed the vascular cambium;at day 63 after grafting,the vascular bundles was formed,which indicated that the nurse seed grafting union in Camellia oleifera survived."Xianglin 1”as stocks and "xianglin 190"as a scion grafting affinity is better,Scion of the joint anatomy of its cells greater similarity.Forming layer is the main source of shoots Grafting body produce callus,therefore,as far as possible in the graft should be aligned forming layer and adhesion.3.Different flower pollen can germinate on the stigma,after cross-pollination 2 hours,pollen on the stigma began to germinate,the number of different hybrids by pollen germination descending is "xianglin 10"x chamei,’"xianglin 10" xmaogangdaguo,"xianglin 10" xbaipizhongzi.After cross-pollination 4 hours,it found that pollen tube has passed through the stigma papillae extending stigma,and to extend into the upper part of the style guide organizations,hybrids "Xianglin 10" xchamei number of pollen tubes extending within stigma are more than other.Pollen tube to reach the middle of style after cross pollination 8 hours.Pollen tube to reach the base of style after cross pollination 24 hours.Hybridization was observed among the pollen tube into the ovule and ovary and complete the double fertilization process after 60 hours until 112 hours."Xianglin 10"xchamei average growth rate of pollen tube is 36.12mm/h,"xianglin 10"×maogangdaguo is 33.24mm/h,"xianglin 10" ×baipizhongzi is 31.16mm/h.4.Double fertilization and embryo development process normally,synergid cell will get into the degenerate disintegration before a spermatid,there are two antipodal cells at chalazal end.Polar nuclei fused with spermatid after cross-pollination 60 hours.oocyte fused with spermatid after cross-pollination 112 hours.Camellia insemination is micropyle fertilization,karyogamy belonging to the former type of mitosis.Form a zygote after cross-pollination 12 day hours,endosperm development nuclear type endosperm.after cross-pollination 112 hours,nucellus and outside the integument portion ovule is observed were normal,it found that plants ovule performance has no different from normal.But embryo sac more sluggish and narrow,and it was filled with brown substance,and the volume is small,it has been degraded and necrosis.There will be also part of the ovule embryo sac abnormalities lead to necrosis.The results of hybrids "xianglin 10"xmaogangdaguo with "xianglin 10" xbaipizhongzi are more than hybrids "xianglin 10"× chamei at the plant ovule who showed necrosis. |
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