Sanguinarine’s Effects On Performance As Well As Provention And Treatment Effect On Weaned Pigs’ Diarrhea

Objectives:To investigate sanguinarine’s effect on performance of weaned piglets with different additive amount in their daily diet, the preventive effect on diarrhea of weaned piglets, as well as the treatment effect on natural diarrhea piglets, thus to screen the best prevention and treatment dose of sanguinarine.Methods:1. Feeding test:40 weaned piglets with the similar birth order and bodyweights were randomly divided into 4 groups,10 piglets in each group, and group Ⅰ was the control group, in which diet no drugs was added, group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV were the trial groups, in which diets 0.25mg/kg,0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg of sanguinarine were added respectively, all the piglets were fed for 14d continuousiy, and the bodyweights were determined and recorded in 0,7th and 14th day respectively since the test started.2. Prevention test:40 piglets in age of 7d before weaned with similar birth order and bodyweights were randomly divided into 4 groups,10 piglets in each group. Group Ⅰ was the control group, in which diet no drugs was added, group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were the trial groups, in which diets 0.25mg/kg,0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg sanguinarine were added until weaned. The states of the piglets’eating were observed, menwhile, the amount of diarrhea piglets and the times of diarrhea were recorded.3. Treatment test:50 natural incidence piglets of diarrhea were divided into 5 groups 10 piglets in each group. Group I was the control group, without the treatment, group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV were the trial groups, respectively, in which diets 0.5mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg sanguinarine were added, while group V was western medicine comparison group, treated with 100mg/kg gentamicin sulfate by intramuscular. The treatment results were recorded.4. Qualification Test of piglets’diarrhea pathogens:the dungs of diarrhea piglets were collected with a sterile method in the above treatment groups, and the pathogens were cultured, inoculated and purificated with ordinary agar, MacConkey agar and eosin methylene blue agar respectively, the colonies of E. coli and Salmonella were identified by biochemical identification and PCR tests.Result:1. Feeding test:Compared with the control group, the feed efficiency of low-dose and high-dose group was increased by 10.75% and 6.60%, while that of mid-dose group was slightly decreased; the average daily feed intake and average daily gain were lower than the control group.2. Prevention test:the incidence of diarrhea in each group was 40%,20%,40% and 60% respectively, compared with the control group, the incidence of diarrhea in low-dose group decreased by 50%, while mid-dose group had the same incidence as the control group, but that of high-dose group is higher than the control group instead.3. Treatment test:the natural cure rate in control group was 10%, the cure rate in each trial group were 40%,80% and 60% respectively, and the cure rate in positive drug group was 80%. within all the treatment doses, 1mg/kg sanguinarine had the same treatment effect as gentamicin sulfate.4. Diarrhea pathogen culture and identification test:Pathogen of piglets’diarrhea were initially identified as E. coli and salmonella mixed together; and PCR test results showed that:suspicious E. coli strains had genetically similar rate of 99.5%-99.9% as E. coli SF-166 (CP12633), RR1 (CP011113), DH1Ecl69 (CP012127) strain in Genbank, while suspicious Salmonella strains had genetically similar rate of 98.7%-99.6% as Salmonella ATCC-15791 (CP012349), ATCC-9150 (CP000026), CMCC-50973 (CP009049) strain in Genbank.Conclusion:1. Sanguinarine with different doses could improve piglets’ feed efficiency, the effect of low-dose group was the best, followed by the mid-dose group and high-dose group; however, the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of piglets in the trial groups decreased, and there were some differences from other results in related reports.2. Low-dose sanguinarine can prevent piglets’diarrhea efficiently, and the prevent effect was the best when the dosage was 0.5mg/kg.3. Sanguinarine with different doses had good therapeutic effect to the natural incidence of diarrhea in piglets. Within all the dosages, the therapeutic effect of lmg/kg sanguinarine were fairly the same as that of gentamicin sulfate.4. pathogens isolated from the dung of diarrhea piglets included E. coli and salmonella, and the main strains were E. coli SF-166, RR1, DH1Ec169 strains, as well as Salmonella ATCC-15791, ATCC-9150, and CMCC-50973 strains after determined by PCR.In short,0.25mg/kg of sanguinarine added in the piglet diets can improve feed efficiency, 0.5mg/kg of sanguinarine can prevent diarrhea caused by E. coli and salmonella and other pathogens; and 1mg/kg of sanguinarine has considerably the same therapeutic effect on diarrhea as gentamicin sulfate.