The Soil Nutrient Content And Distribution And Established The Rice And Wheat Index System Of The Formula Fertilization In Bengbu Region

The purpose of soil testing and fertilizer is to determine the amount of fertilizers that can be evaluated and evaluated according to the yield and the physical and chemical properties and nutrient content. Since 2005, with the Ministry of Agriculture soil testing and fertilizer subsidies to start the project and in full swing, the rapid development of soil testing and formulation of fertilizers, the gradual establishment of the soil around the formula fertilization target system, after ten years of development, the yield is greatly improved, the fertilizer application is more reasonable, and the economic benefit is greatly improved.Since 2006, Guzhen County, Bengbu City, as the pilot counties first, then, Huaiyuan County, Wuhe County, Huaishang District, Longzihu District, Bengshan District and Yuhui District have carried out soil testing and fertilization work, with 51690 collection of soils. We analyzed the available phosphorus, available potassium, effective boron, available sulfur and available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the soil, as well as the soil nutrient contents such as p H, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Besides, more than 600 field trials of grain-oil-fruit-vegetable crops（such as wheat, rice, maize, soybean, kidney bean, celery, tomato, pomegranate, peach, etc.） have been carried out in large scale, obvious increase in production was observed.In this paper, the total soil testing data（51690） and the "3414" field test data of wheat and rice in two major crops in Bengbu in 2006 were statistically analyzed and the results were analyzed. The soil nutrient abundance of each kind of wheat and rice in the whole city was set up, the best fertilization quantity of two kinds of crops was obtained, and the formula fertilization suggestion was put forward.The main findings are as follows:1. Soil nutrient status of the whole regionThe results showed that the average soil p H was 7.01 and the average soil organic matter was 17.7 g/kg. The average soil organic matter ratio was 17.7 g/kg, a moderate number. Soil total nitrogen was a little lacking, the total average was 0.969 g/kg; the soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen was medium level with an average of 108 mg/kg; the soil available phosphorus was in rich level, the total average was 26.4 mg/kg; the average available potassium, iron, manganese and copper were 143 mg/kg and 656 mg/kg, respectively. The soil available Fe, Mn and Cu were 41.9 mg/kg, 24.3 mg/kg and 2.43 mg/kg; the average effective available Zn and available boron were 1.46 mg/kg and 0.33 mg/kg, respectively. The average available sulfur in soil was 19.1 mg/kg.In general, the soils of the whole region are mainly neutral, phosphorus, iron, manganese and copper are abundant, while boron, zinc and total nitrogen are slightly deficient, organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium, slow available potassium and available sulfur is at medium Level. There are differences in different counties: the Huaishang area is lack of boron, zinc and rich in phosphorus, potassium, while Guzhen area is lack of boron, sulfur, zinc and rich in phosphorus.2. Fertilization index systemThe results showed that among the five nutrient factors of organic matter, total N, alkali hydrolyzable N, available P and available K, the correlation between soil nutrient and yield was the better with available K, available P and organic matter（P <0.01）, and relatively lower was available N and total N, but both were above the significant lever（P<0.05）.If we define the critical value of soil nutrient index with significant or extremely significant degree, the results showed that, the critical value of soil nutrient deficit for wheat was: 18.0 g/kg organic matter, 1.05 g/kg total N, alkali hydrolyzable N 100 mg/kg, available P 19 mg/kg, available K 90 mg/kg; the critical value of soil nutrient deficit for rice was 18.0 g/kg organic matter, 1.0 g/kg total N, 100 mg/kg of alkali hydrolyzable N, available P 15 mg/kg, available K 70 mg/kg.The results showed that using the "3414" test statistical analysis software to analyze the optimum fertilizing in the Bengbu area under the existing soil conditions and fertilizer-agricultural price conditions（2011-2013）, the best application amount（kg/667m2） for wheat N-P₂O₅-K₂O is: 13.3-5.4-6.0; the best application amount（kg/667m2） for rice N-P₂O₅-K₂O is 13.5-5.6-7.1.