| Phoebe (Phoebe zhennan) is distributed mainly in Sichuan, Guizhou, and Hubei provinces of China. It is a Class ? state-protected plant, and a famous and valuable species for timber. Nowadays, Lacking of standards in the market, single method of wood processing make the commercial value has not fully developed, which caused a serious waste of resources. In order to find an effective way to increase the commercial value of the P. zhennan, this paper made the determination method of P. zhennan, study on the extraction of essential oil and its chemical compositions, also study the biological activity of essential oils of P. zhennan.The gold-wire-coverage on surface of Jinsinanwood could be calculated by using Photoshop image processing software and digital camera, which is a quick and accurate determination method. The influence of the sample surface roughness, shooting resolution, uniform illumination and non-uniform illumination, shooting angle on the measurement results were analyzed. The results considered this method is capable of applying to the plane Jinsinan wood which has the surface roughness as much as (?)7. The digital camera which at least has five megapixel, the consistent overall intensity of the samples' surface and the comparison of the photos taking from multiple angles were required. This methodology is not influenced by human and environmental factors, and its result is more accurate and objective, compared with the traditional observation by eyes.The P. zhennan essential oil was individually extracted from xylems of P. zhennan root, trunk, shoot by steam distillation method, and analyzed through GC-MS, Agarospirol content of the chemical composition of the three were the highest, contents were 30.40%,28.26%,15.37%.In summary, there were major differences in the chemical compositions and contents of the essential oils obtained from xylems of different parts of P. zhennan. The composition and contents were similar in the essential oil from roots and trunks, such as Agarospirol, Guaiol, y-Eudesmol, a-Cubebene,3,7-Guaiadiene,7-epi-a-Eudesmol. Main volatile components of the shoots identified by GC-MS analysis, included Agarospirol, Guaiazulene, Guaiol, Caryophyllene oxide, and y-Eudesmol. The specific components of the root was 9-methyl-S-octahydrophenanathracene, and did not include Germacrene-d, a-Agarofuran, Ledene oxide-(?), Humulene oxide, Cubenol, Guaiazulene; the specific component of the shoots was ?-Eudesmol and not d-Cadiene.The composition and contents were similar in the essential oil from rootsand trunks, but were largely different from that in the shoots. A possible reason could be that during the tree development, shoots display more growth activities than other tissues. Therefore, shoots have more complex chemical compositions.In the essential oils obtained from the roots, trunks, and shoots of P. zhennan, majority of the compounds were sesquiterpenes, with just a few monoterpenes. Studies demonstrate that active constituents with proven pharmacological effects account for more than 30% of the compounds in the essential oils extracted from roots, trunks, and shoots. Such compounds exceed more than 50% of the constituents in the essential oils from roots and trunks. The essential oil from the shoots has stable, antitussive and anti-inflammatory effect, and had a high content of Guaiazulene; hence, it could also be used for the treatment of conjunctivitis. The essential oils from trunks and roots had good sedative and cough/asthma-relieving effects, and therefore, can be developed into neurologicalas well as cough and as thma relieving drugs. Thus, the essential oils of P. zhennan, with fairly good medicinal value might be beneficial for health and have the potential for the use in the development of health related industries.In the extraction technology of P. zhennan essential oil by steam distillation, we optimized the process of extracting essential oils from P. zhennan and analyzed the effects of extraction time, liquid ratio and particle size on the extraction rate of essential oil. We found that extraction time, liquid/solid ratio, and particle size of raw materials influenced the extraction rate of essential oils in this order. Considering the processing procedure, cost, efficiency and so on, the appropriate extraction time was determined to be 3h, liquid/solid to be 6:1, and the diameter of raw materials to be 0.5mm.In terms of biological activity, P. zhennan oil has good anti-tumor activity, can be focused on its anticancer drug development. Essential oils for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibacterial effect is not obvious, and the antioxidant properties of essential oils were different from the antioxidant properties of the synthetic antioxidants. |
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