Study On The Production And Processing Technology Of Whole Crop Wheat

Roughage is the the physical basis of the development of herbivorous animal husbandry,and the high yield of the cow needs the support of high quality roughage.China can not produce enough high quality roughage,so it is necessary to import a large number of high quality forage,making up for the gap of China’s animal husbandry.This research studying on the changes of nutrients,yield changes and rumen degradation regularity during the growth of whole crop wheat,from which gainning the suitable harvest period of whole crop wheat for dairy cow diets;and then studying on the changes of different modulation and storage methods on the nutrient composition of whole crop wheat,putting forward suitable processing and storage methods;at last evaluating the effect of whole crop wheat used in dairy diets through feeding experiment.The purpose of this study is to provide reference and guidance for whole crop wheat used in lactating dairy cows diets,expecting that this research can develop a new animal feed resources for China’s dairy industry,and alleviate the problem in dairy industry which relys on importing large quantities of high quality forage to improve the milk production performance of dairy cows.Experiment one: The changes of nutrition and yield of whole crop wheat at different mature stages were studied,which provided theoretical basis for the application of the whole crop wheat in the dairy ration.This experiment compared the differences of nutrition,the change of production and ruminal degradation characteristics,between the two strains(Shannon 22026 and Shannong 82567)of whole crop wheat at five mature stages(jointing stage,heading stage,flowering stage,the milk ripe stage and dough stage).The results show that different strains of whole crop wheat were smaller,and the nutrition of whole crop wheat at diffient maturity stages is very high,but the nutrition,yield production and ruminal degradation characteristics of whole crop wheat are significantly different among the five mature stages(P<0.05).The nutritional value and ruminal degradation characteristics of whole crop wheat at jointing stage,milk stage,dough stage were better than that at heading and flowering stage(P<0.05),and whole crop wheat milk and dough stage have higher dry matter yield(P<0.05).It turns out to be the case that the quality of whole crop wheat at jointing is higher because that the young plants,nutrient content and degradationrates are very high,but which at milk stage and dough stage because of the increasing of wheat grain weight and starch content.In North China,harvesting wheat early can reduce the risk of pests,diseases,and weather,what’s more,it is benefit for the planting and yield of corn in the next season.Comprehensive consideration of quality,yield and the local planting structure,it is recommended in milk stage to harvest whole crop wheat for forage.Experiment two: we studied on the effects of different methods of drying and storage on the changes of nutrients in the whole crop wheat,providing a theoretical reference for the modulation and preservation of the whole crop wheat.The effects of two kinds of forage drying methods(artificial drying and field drying)and two kinds of storage method(bundling and stacking)on the changes of nutrients in whole crop wheat were compared.The results showed that artificial drying and field drying has little effect on the routine nutritiona index l(P>0.1),but there were physical loss and bleaching action from sunlight by field drying,which cost more time,affected by weather factors,and artificial drying will consume more power.It is recommended to take the method of artificial drying in conditional area or pasture.By using the field drying method should pay attention to the weather.Neutral detergent fiber(NDF)content of whole crop wheat increased by bundling or stacking,and there was loss of dry matter,and the loss by stacking was significantly higher than that by bundling(P<0.05).Impact of storage methods on other factors had no significant difference(P>0.1).Therefore,bundling the whole crop wheat to storage is recommend.Experiment three: we evaluated the effect of whole crop wheat used in dairy diets through feeding experiment.This experiment compared whole crop wheat to high-quality forage alfalfa with the diets which had same net energy and crude protein,evaluated the effect and economic benefits of whole crop wheat.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of wheat diets is lower than dietary alfalfa(P<0.05),which can improve the digestibility by preprocessing of wheat.Wheat diets can produce more propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen,decrease the utilization efficiency of ethylene propylene ratio and nitrogen(P<0.05).It can aslo improve milk yield,however,no statistically significant advantage(P>0.1).Considering on milk fat,milk protein and lactose,diet with alfalfa and wheat had more advantage.Under the current experimental conditions,using whole crop wheat to replace imported alfalfa can save feed costs,greater more economic benefits,and using more whole crop wheat,the benefit is greater.From the above results we can see,that whole crop wheat can be used in the diets of lactating dairy cows,which can get great economic benefits.This study can providereference and guiding significance to whole crop wheat used in dairy cow diet.