Effects Of Ridge-cultivation And Film Mulching On The Root Characteristics And The Growth Of Spring Maize In The Hilly Area Of Sichuan

This experiment in maize hybrids are red 505 and ordinary plastic as material, using two factor randomized block design of experiment, A factor for the plastic film mulching and covering film; B factors for bed planting, ridge culture, flatten culture, furrow culture. Experiment was conducted to study the effect of planting pattern(ridge culture, flatten culture, furrow culture) and film mulching on the distribution of spring maize root system and their influence on the yield of spring maize in the hilly area of central Sichuan basin. The main research results are as follows:1. The ridge and film mulching had great influence on root morphology and root distribution of maize. The root length, root surface area and root volume of film mulching was 59.7%,58.0%,59.3% higher than those of no film mulching at jointing stage in average in 2 years. The film mulching significantly increased the dry mass of root in vertical and horizontal distribution, and increased the root allocation ratio in deeper soil layer (20-40 cm) and the allocation ratio of wide row (0-20 cm) in horizontal direction. The effects of planting pattern on root growth and root distribution differed by film mulching. With film mulching, the ridge culture significantly increased the root dry mass in each soil layer and enlarged the distribution percentage of wide row (20-40 cm) in horizontal direction, as well as the dry mass of root in horizontal distribution and the root allocation ratio of wide row. The root mass under film mulching was in the order of ridge culture>flatten culture>furrow culture. Without film mulching, the furrow culture significantly increased root dry mass of narrow row (0-40 cm), and the root mass under no film mulching was in the order of furrow culture> ridge culture>flatten culture.2. Ridge culture and film mulching had great influence on root biomass and aboveground biomass, the root biomass was 64.3%,48.5%,29.8%,30.8% higher than those of no film mulching at jointing stage, teaseling stage, silking stage, mature stage in average in 2 years, the aboveground biomass was 128.0%,69.4%,27.8%, 15.6% higher than those of no film mulching at jointing stage, teaseling stage, silking stage, mature stage in average in 2 years. The effects of planting pattern on root biomass and aboveground biomass differed by film mulching. With film mulching, the ridge culture>flatten culture>furrow culture. At jointing stage, the root biomass of ridge culture with film mulching was 10.6%,27.7% higher than flatten culture and furrow culture, the aboveground biomass was 20.4%,86.4% higher than flatten culture and furrow culture. While it was Furrow culture>Flatten culture>Ridge culture under no film mulching, at jointing stage, the root biomass of furrow culture with no film mulching was 51.1%,62.9% higher than flatten culture and ridge culture, the aboveground biomass was 9.4%,42.8% higher than flatten culture and furrow culture.3. Each period under film mulching the content of amino acid and soluble sugar in bleeding sap were significantly higher than that of non coated treatment in 2 years. In terms of the root bleeding sap amount, the main results are:the root bleeding sap amount under film mulching was higher than that of no plastic film mulching treatment; with film mulching, the ridge culture>flatten culture>furrow culture; while it was furrow culture>flatten culture>ridge culture under no film mulching.4. About N, P and K nutrient accumulation in Maize, the effect of plastic film mulching on nutrient accumulation reached a significant level, the accumulation of N, P, K in each growth period was significantly higher than that of non plastic film mulching treatment; the accumulation of N, P and K nutrient was ridge culture>flatten culture> furrow culture under film mulching; cropping patterns in different growth stages of N, P, K content mainly for ridge culture higher than that of furrow culture. On the N, P, K nutrient distribution at maturity, film mulching had great influence on the distribution of N, P and K in root, the N, P and K of film mulching was 25.8%?45.2%?129.5% higher than those of no film mulching; and the distribution of K in grain under film mulching increased by 323.6% compared with non coated film. Compared with flatten culture, furrow culture was significantly increase the distribution of P in grain.5. For the spike characteristics and maize yield, the filming mulching measures reduced the corn bald length while it increased grain number,1000-grain weight and yield. Comparing with the no film mulching treatment, the grain number and yield of film mulching was 16.3%,18.2% higher than those of no film mulching in average in 2 years. The yield of 2 years under film mulching was in the order of:Ridge culture>Flatten culture>Furrow culture, the differences between the treatments were not significant in 2014. Ridge culture and flatten culture were significantly higher than furrow culture, but no significant difference was found between this two treatment, the detailed performances are ridge culture was 2.9%,18.7% higher than flatten culture and furrow culture. It was Furrow culture>Flatten culture> Ridge culture under no film mulching in 2014, and furrow culture significantly higher than ridge culture, compared with flatten culture and ridge culture, furrow culture increases by 6.4% and 9.6%.