| This paper used six common ornamental plants for the materials: Taxus chinensis Rehd.,Pachira macrocarpa Walp.,Dracaena cochinchinensis S.C.Chen,Schefflera octophylla Harms,Anthurium andraeanum cv.and Cymbidium sinense Willd.The best rooting condition with different concentrations of rooting powder and the best nutrition solution of each ornamental were discussed.Comparing the morphology anatomy and the plant physiological characteristics under the condition of optimal nutrition between soil-cultured plant and solution-cultured plant,the growth ragulation of 6 ornamental plants from soil culture to hydroponic is discovered..This provides the theoretical foundation of hydroponics of ornamental plants and technical supports for hydroponic plant going into families.The results are as follows:(1)Rooting experimentThe experiment used three concentrations of ABT to induce rooting to get the best rooting concentration by visual analysis method.The results showed that: 250mg/kg concentrations of ABT was the best for Taxus,Dracaena and Cymbidium;500mg/kg concentrations of ABT was the best for Pachira and Schefflera;While the best solution for Anthurium was pure water.(2)Selection of nutrient solutionBy visual analysis method,the best nutrient solution was got.The results showed that:Hoagland formula was more suitable for Pachira,Anthurium and Cymbidium;for Taxus,Japanese solution was the best nutrient solution;for Dracaena and Schefflera,pure water was the best.(3)Morphology and anatomy observation of rootBy comparing the morphology and anatomy between solution cultured plants and soil cultured plants,the results showed that: most hydroponic plants did not have lateral roots;epidermis was smooth and covered with root hair.The roots have high ornamental value.The observation of root slice indicate that: for soil culture plant,the epidermis was thick and has corneum,the cortical cells are small and closely arranged,cortical parenchyma cells,xylem and phloem can be distinguished easily,vascular cylinder occupied a large portion of the transverse section;for solution-cultured plant,root skin layer became thinner;cortex parenchyma cells were big and did not arrange cloesly,cell gap was big and an obvious formation of ventilation could be observed,vascular cylinder cell was few innumber,the xylem degenerated.(4)Determination of physiological indexesFor hydroponic plants,the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of plants were lower than the ones of soil culture plant.The hydroponic environment had a marked impact on net photosynthetic rate of Taxus,Dracaena,Anthurium and Cymbidium.Under hydroponic conditions,net photosynthesis of these four plants was lower than soil culture.Chlorophyll a,b ratio of Dracaena,Anthurium and Cymbidium in hydroponic was higher than soil culture,so hydroponic will reduce the low light tolerance of these three plants.Under hydroponic conditions,the root activity of 6 plants is higher than soil culture.The results showed that hydroponic environment enhanced the root activity of plants.Plants will strengthen root metabolism to alleviate the damage caused by hypoxia.The activity of antioxidant enzymes in hydroponic is higher than soil culture.The activity of SOD,POD and CAT of Pachira,Dracaena and Schefflera in hydroponic increased more significantly than soil culture.Therefore,these three plants can effectively remove oxygen free radicals caused by hypoxia,have strong resistance to adverse circumstance and contained less malondialdehyde..For Taxus,Anthurium and Cymbidium,Antioxidant enzymes is increased,but the rising is not big enough to remove oxygen free radicals,the resistance to adverse circumstance is week,and the number of malondialdehyde is large.Therefore,the three plants are more difficult to survive in hydroponic than other plants. |
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