| As an important biological factor in soil, soil fauna’s survival activity could change the soil structure, soil physical and chemical properties. It could also play an important role in soil nutrient cycling and energy flow. Soil fauna played an irreplaceable role in farmland ecosystem. It could promote the crops on nutrient absorption and utilization, improve the ecological environment of farmland soil. Besides soil fauna could accelerate the repair of farmland ecosystem degradation of ecological functions.At present, most of studies about soil fauna in Changbai Mountains focused on the forest ecosystem, and fewer research were studied in the farmland ecosystem. Hence, an investinga-tion was carried out in maize field of Basalt Platform, Low-mountain, and Hill on Changbai Mountains during spring, summer and autumn,2015. Reaserch conclusions can provide a scientific basis for maintaining and managing the farmland ecosystem in Changbai Mountain. In this study, used one-way analysis of variance to compare the differences of individual density among different landform types, soil layers and seasons. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to study the seasonal dynamics of soil fauna. In addition by calculating the Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef, Pielou to describe the characteristics of soil faunal diversity. Finally, redundancy analysis method was applied to explore the relationship between soil faunal and main soil environmental factors. The results showed that:(1) During the investigation, We obtained 2956 soil faunal,Which belonged 3 phyla,7 classes,15 orders,42 species; Among them,377 soil faunal was soil macrofanua and which belonged to 29 species. soil mesofauna were obtained 26 species,2 579. Formicidae (soil macrofanua), Oribatida (soil mesofauna) and Isotomidae (soil mesofauna) were dominant species in various types of landforms. They represented the main soil faunas in the Changbai Mountain farmland ecosystem.(2) From the horizontal distribution and seasonal dynamics, In Changbai Mountains farmland ecosystem, the individual density and group number of soil macro-mesofauna in Low-mountain was the lowest. With the season changing, soil macrofanua were not obvious, but soil mesofauna were significantly different. The individual density of soil mesofauna in the basalt platform reached the highest in summer, but the low-mountain and Hilly were the highest in autumn. Besides, species composition of soil fauna had obvious differences between each kind of landscape during summer. Soil fauna species composition in Basalt platform had the most obvious seasonal difference among different kinds of landform.(3) Judging from the vertical distribution and seasonal dynamics, The individual density of soil macro-mesofauna are 0-5cm>10-15cm>5-10cm, And in summer soil mesofauna in Basalt Platform had an obvious surface accumulation, and soil macrofanua had the same phenomenon in Low-mountain and the Hilly during the spring.(4) Results of soil fauna diversity and seasonal dynamics shown that, Hilly diversity was the highest, and Low-mountain was the lowest. In different seasons, the soil fauna diversity in the basalt platform was the highest in summer, but the diversity of soil fauna in Low-mountain and Hilly was not obvious.(5) Results of RDA showed that, Oribatida and Formicidae were mainly affected by soil pH,soil organic matter, soil moisture. At the same time, Sminthuridae and Hypogastruridae were mainly affected by the Soil total nitrogen and total potassium. Isotomidae and Gamasida were mainly affected by soil temperature. |
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