| Camellia(Camellia) belongs to the genus Theaceae Camellia plants, is characteristic of the native tree species in our country, is also a major woody edible oil tree species, its seed can extract tea oil. Small fruit Camellia(Camellia meiocarpa Hu.) is a species of Camellia, named because small leaf, fruit small, with high seed ratio, high oil content and yield higher advantages, it has good prospects for development and utilization. Superior native variety of Small fruit Camellia for the longan tea (Seed number:Fujian S-SV-CO-018-2008) in fujian province, suitable for planting in Low mountain and hilly region in Minjiang River Basin and Fujian coastal 120-300m altitude. It belongs to the thin skin big fruit frost seed type, because of its many fine features by local farmers pursued.Seed setting per plant, seed ratio of fruit, oil content of kernel is the main economic characters as economic forest on oil camellia, their genetic and variation with Camellia seed-breeding have close relationship. The phenotypic characteristics of the tree and branch, the flower and leaf, the fruit and seeds, the economic characters are the external manifestations of plant genetic material. Plant genetic variation is often reflected in the variation of these phenotypic traits. The study of phenotypic variation is the lead and basis of genetic diversity. Therefore, the domestic and foreign experts and scholars to carry out in-depth study of phenotypic diversity. However, the research on longan tea is very few, especially its genetic stability, biological characteristics, phenotypic characteristics, excellent germplasm screening and evaluation and so on.This paper adopted from Xianyou County Vegetable Xi Shi Xiang man Cun of Camellia seed breeding base of 11 Camellia meiocarpa superior clones as the research object. Selected clones of representative plants, the same age, basically the same as the production of 5 strains of fixed line observation. Through field observation and indoor measurement of 37 indicators of the tree and branch, the flower and leaf, the fruit and seeds, the economic characters etc. Data analysis is carried out by using statistical methods such as variance analysis and clonal repeatability. Based on the above analysis, the method of cluster analysis and principal component analysis are used to select the excellent clones. The data for the phenotypic characteristics and economic characteristics of Camellia meiocarpa provide the field observation data, research conclusion of Camellia meiocarpa genetic improvement and selective improved variety provide certain theoretical value and significance. In this paper, the phenotypic characteristics and economic traits for the selection of content, a preliminary determination comprehensive performance of different clones, and the excellent clones selected, in order to provide the basic observational data and theoretical reference for the longan camellia biological characteristics, genetic improvement, seed breeding, comprehensive evaluation.This study the main results are as follows:1.Tree and Branch:The maximum CV value is the largest crown width, and its value is 60.02%. The minimum CV value is the largest crown width, and its value is 14.89%. All the indicators show a very significant difference. The maximum R value is the largest crown width, and its value is 0.97057. The minimum R value is the largest crown width, and its value is 0.66744. Features of crown and branching angles two phenotypic characteristics have obvious differences, genetic performance more stable (the average of R value are 0.79), not easily affected by environmental factors. There is a very significant positive correlation between features of crown and branching angles, so branching angles is one of the main factors affecting the characteristics of the crown, as camellia yield performance of an indicator.2.Flower and Leaf:The maximum CV value is the largest crown width, and its value is 34.43%. The minimum CV value is the largest crown width, and its value is 9.41%. There are no significant differences in the number of sepals and petals, and other indicators show very significant difference. The maximum R value is the largest crown width, and its value is 0.99063. The minimum R value is the largest crown width, and its value is 0.41894. Style length and Filament length show a very significant positive correlation, and R value is higher than 0.98, so it show a high genetic stability. The flower of Camellia meiocarpa superior clones belongs to stamens higher than pistil type, this feature can be used as an important indicator of the optimal selection of camellia. The CV value of flowering features of superior clones is 10.42%, the average R value are 0.8857, which show that the difference of superior clones is not obvious, and the heritability is stable. Leaf size, Leaf shape index, Leaf length, Leaf width are important phenotypic characteristics, large variability differences ((the CV value are more than 17%) but its had less impact on the environment (the R value are greater than 0.71).3.Fruit and Seeds:The maximum CV value is the largest crown width, and its value is 46.94%. The minimum CV value is the largest crown width, and its value is 11.63%. All the indicators show a very significant difference. The maximum R value is the largest crown width, and its value is 0.95800. The minimum R value is the largest crown width, and its value is 0.83798. The average CV value of fruit and seed features are 31.91%, and the average R value are 0.92, which show that the overall variability of the fruit and seed is high, and the genetic stability is high, and the environmental impact is low. The variation coefficient of seed quality characteristics is 31.64%-43.71%.4.Economic Characters:The maximum CV value is the largest crown width, and its value is 31.91%. The minimum CV value is the largest crown width, and its value is 15.78%. All the indicators show a very significant difference. The maximum R value is the largest crown width, and its value is 0.92514. The minimum R value is the largest crown width, and its value is 0.72497. Oil content of kernel with Crown width and Crown product show significant positive correlation, and with Crown shape index is significantly negatively correlated, so Tree and Branch has a certain degree of promoting effect on the oil content of the fruit. The average CV value of Fresh seed ratio of fruit and Dry seed ratio of fruit are 7.75%, and the average R value are 0.79. It shows that the phenotypic traits of seed rate are different, and the genetic stability is influenced by environmental factors. Fresh seed ratio of fruit and Fruit shape have significant negative correlation, indicating Fresh seed ratio of fruit higher, Fruit shape is smaller, namely fruit shape is oblate fruit (fruit shape of peach, fruit diameter greater than fruit diameter) Fresh seed ratio of fruit is high, the pericarp thin.5.Preliminary Evaluation:Using Euclidean distance centroid clustering method for system cluster analysis,11 clones are obtained from 3 types. First types of clones, which focus on Fruit and Seeds with flowering features index, are similar to the degree of statistics, including L19. The second types of clones, which focus on Flower and Leaf with Economic Characters index, are similar to the degree of statistics, including L15, L31, L20, L14, L21, L28, L12, L18. Third types of clones, which focus on Tree and Branch index, are similar to the degree of statistics, including L16 and L32. According to the results of principal component analysis,8 main components are extracted from the 37 indexes. The cumulative contribution rate of these 8 principal components is 96.846%, the characteristic value is 35.833.11 clones are sorted by comprehensive score:L19 > L16 > L12 > L15 > L18 > L31 > L14 > L21 > L28 > L32 > L20. L19 ranks the first, a comprehensive score of 2.10356, indicating its comprehensive performance. By cluster analysis, principal component analysis method to evaluate the comprehensive performance by selecting the excellent clones. Results show that the longan camellia superior clones MinLong 0806 (L19) clones in Xianyou County has excellent performance.So, Small fruit Camellia plus tree selection in addition to high yield, big fruit, thin skin and high seed ratio of fruit traits indicators, and special attention to Branching Angles is bigger, Stamens higher than pistil type, Early flowering, Peach of fruit shape. |
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