Study And Application Of Precipitation Electrostatic Charge Distribution On Aircraft

When the aircraft flies in the air,a large amount of electrostatic is generated by friction with fine particles such as ice crystals,raindrops,dust,etc.If it is unable to discharge effectively,the discharging will occur and the strong electromagnetic interference to aircraft will generate.In severe cases,high-temperature current paths or sparks will be generated and fire or explosion accident is caused.In order to control the reasonable discharge of deposition electrostatic,it is necessary to clearly understand the distribution characteristics of electrostatic deposition on the aircraft.This paper uses COMSOL finite element numerical calculation software to calculate study the electrostatic distribution characteristics on aircraft surface.The results have an important theoretical and practical significance for the actual aircraft electrostatic protection design.The main study contents and results include the following four parts.The first part is the analysis of electrostatic deposition and discharge mechanism on the surface of aircraft.First of all,starting from the electron energy band theory of microscopic electrostatic charging,the conductor,insulator and semiconductor energy band theory and the mechanism of electrification are summarized,and a clear understanding of the microscopic mechanism of electrostatic electrification is given.Then,the four types of electrification(sedimentary electrification,jet electrification,inductive electrification and rupture electrification)and three types of discharges(corona discharge,streamer discharge and arc discharge)were summarized.These inductive sorting can quickly and clearly understand the ins and outs of electrostatic deposited on the surface of the aircraft to facilitate the follow-up work.The second part is the study on the numerical computation method of electrostatic distribution of aircraft.First,the advantages of COMSOL in computing the electrostatic distribution characteristics of an aircraft are introduced.Then,by comparing the numerical results with the analytical results,the solution area that satisfies the calculation requirements of the conductor charge distribution is determined.Applying to the calculation of the charge distribution of the ellipsoid conductor,the general law of the charge distribution of the ellipsoid conductor is revealed.The distribution characteristics of the electrostatic equilibrium force on the thin conductive disk were studied,and the mechanism of the electrostatic distribution of the non-curvature conductor is revealed.Finally,the numerical calculation model of aircraft electrostatic distribution characteristics is designed to calculate and analyze the surface charge distribution characteristics,the electric field distribution characteristics of aircraft outer space and the capacitance characteristics of the aircraft.They provide data support and theoretical basis for studying the electrostatic distribution characteristics of aircraft surface.The third part is the study on the electrostatic distribution characteristics of the aircraft in the external electric field.First of all,the analytical solution of the charge distribution of the thin disk near the line charge is derivateded,and the consistency between the numerical solution and the analytical solution is analyzed.Secondly,based on the simplified two-ball conductors,the influence of the distance,radius,and charge change on the charge distribution of the two conductors is studied.It shows the electrostatic induced charge distribution between the two ball conductors.Finally,an aircraft simulation model under the influence of the atmospheric electric field is established.The influence of different flight attitudes on the electrostatic distribution of the aircraft is calculated and analyzed,which provides data support and theoretical basis for the research on the electrostatic distribution of the aircraft under the actual atmospheric environment.The fourth part is the study of aircraft electrostatic protection simulation application.Firstly,the electrostatic distribution model of the aircraft discharge brush on the wing is designed,and the influence of the electrostatic discharge brush position and length parameters of a single aircraft on the electrostatic distribution of the aircraft is analyzed.Second,the number of aircraft discharge brush and layout are designed,the technical parameters of the reasonable arrangement of aircraft electrostatic protection discharge brush are proposed.