Evaluation Of Ecosystem Services In Shangri-La Based On InVEST Model

Ecosystem service function plays an important role in the sustainable development of human society,economy and ecological environment.The ecological system of Shangri-La is facing great pressure,with the strengthening of people's production and living activities,especially the vigorous development of tourism.The InVEST model was used to evaluate the main ecosystem services such as soil conservation,water supply,habitat quality and carbon storage in Shangri-La City in 1974,1989,2003 and 2015,and analyzed the spatial and temporal changes of individual ecosystem services.Taking the Shangri-La ecosystem service function in 2015 as an example,the ecosystem service functions of different land use types were analyzed,the characteristics of ecosystem service function with terrain factor differentiation were analyzed,Shangri-La city remains on the soil,water conservation,habitat quality,carbon storage and other ecosystem services were graded.The importance of classification of ecosystem services in Shangri-La was graded,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)The average soil retention in Shangri-La was as follows: 1974(5699 t / ha),2003(4424 t / ha),2015(3260t/ ha),1989(3097 t / ha).Compared with 2015 and 1974,the area of average soil conservation was significantly larger than that of the growing area.The area of significant decline was mainly distributed in the town that is bounded on other counties.From high to low,the soil conservation service functions of different land use types were Valley grassland,valley shrub,deciduous broad-leaved forest,mixed forest,coniferous forest,subalpine shrub,alpine meadow,subalpine meadow,evergreen broad-leaved forest,alpine shrub.The altitude mainly affects the average soil retention by changing land use and soil,the average soil retention increased first and then decreased when altitude rise.The change in slope results in a change in the LS factor,which in turn affects the average soil retention by a potential loss of soil.,the average soil retention increased as the slope becomes larger.(2)The average water production(the depth of runoff)in Shangri-La was as follows: 1989(316mm),2003(266mm),1974(221mm),2015(199mm).Compared with 2015 and 1974,the average water production decreased significantly,decreased,flat,growth,significant growth in the main areas were distributed in order from south to northwest in Shangri-La.From high to low,the water supply service function of different land use types were Subalpine shrubs,alpine shrubs,valley shrubs,alpine meadows,subalpine meadows,valleys grassland,deciduous broad-leaved forest,coniferous forest,mixed forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest.Altitude mainly affects the average water production by changing the land use,soil and temperature and then changing the average evapotranspiration,the average water production increased first and then increased,and then reduce and increase when altitude rise.The slope is mainly affected by changing the land use and changing the average evapotranspiration to affect the average water production,the average amount of water produced decreases as the slope becomes larger.(3)Habitat quality assessment.The average habitat quality index of Shangri-La City was as follows:1974(0.9016)?2003(0.8991)?2015(0.8969)?1989(0.8922).Compared with 2015 and 1974,the area of habitat degradation is significantly larger than the growing area,and the significantly declining areas are mainly distributed in the town of Jiantang and small zhongdian.From high to low,the habitat quality index of different land use types are: deciduous broad-leaved forest,coniferous forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest,mixed forest,alpine meadow,alpine shrub,subalpine shrub,valley shrub,subalpine meadow,valley grassland.Altitude and slope change the habitat suitability of different altitudes and landsitudes and the distance from the source of threat factors,and the habitat quality changes with the influence of land use type distribution.The average habitat quality index increased first and then decreased when altitude rise.The average habitat quality index increases as the slope becomes larger.(4)The average carbon density of Shangri-La City was as follows: 1974(68.30 t/ha)?1989(61.59 t/ha)?2003(60.70 t/ha)?2015(60.65 t/ha).Compared with 2015 and 1974,the area of the average carbon density in Shangri-La is significantly larger than the area of the growing area.From high to low,the average carbon density of different land use types are: coniferous forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest,deciduous broad-leaved forest,mixed forest,alpine shrub,alpine meadow,valley shrub,subalpine shrub,subalpine meadow,valley grassland.From the altitude point of view,Altitude and slope mainly change the carbon density by affecting the distribution of land use types.The average carbon density increased first and then decreased when altitude rise;The average carbon density increases and then decreases as the slope becomes larger.(5)The importance classification of ecosystem services.Based on the grading of individual ecosystem services in Shangri-la,the membership function is used to unify the single-kind ecosystem service function.According to the grading standard,the grading result of the ecosystem service of Shangri-la is obtained.Generally important(544 km2),medium important(1844 km2),highly important(5394 km2),very important(3831 km2).Among them,the very important grade is mainly distributed in the south of Tiger Leaping Gorge town,Ge Zanxiang west,Luogi Township,Naxi Township,five rural and Shangjiang Township.As the In VEST model is currently more mature in the application of material quality assessment,the quality of the Shangri-La ecosystem service function was evaluated but The amount of value has not been evaluated.It is necessary to strengthen the research on value evaluation of the InVEST model.