| Sapindus mukorossi Gareth is an important economic agricultural plant, which is mainly composed of seeds and pericarp, The seeds contains abundant of oil which can be used as raw material for preparing biodiesel, and soapnut saponin is rich in the pericarp.In this paper, the contents were centred on the pericarp of sapindus peel and introduced as followings:With using water and ethanol as solvent, the soapnut saponin was extracted by conventional heating and ultrasonic from sapindus peel. The effects of different solvent and methods on soapnut saponin yield purity were studied, The foam properties of it was measured by Ross-Miles.The results showed that:After ultrasonic extraction, the yield of saponin increased significantly compared with conventional heating, but the purity of it roughly equal; The saponin showed the best foaming properties when pH=7.5, and foam stability was the best in pH=6.5.The activated carbon was synthesized by using the sapindus residue with H3PO4 as the activator. The preparation process was optimized by orthogonal experiments, the influences of the mass ratio of alkali to carbon, immersion time, activation temperature and activation time were investigated. The structure and properties of activated carbon were characterized by the methods such as nitrogen adsorption-desorption and SEM. The results showed that:the impregnation ratio of 2:1, the immersion time of 1 h, the activation temperature of 500?, and activation time of 90 minutes that is the best parameter for preparing activated carbon. Under the process conditions, the activated carbon possessed a specific surface area (SBET=674 m2/g) and adsorption pore volume (V=0.56 cm3/g) with an average pore size diameter of 3.55nm. Then, activated carbon was modified by oxidation, and explored adsorption capacity of the different activated carbons for Cr(?) under different experimental conditions. Moreover, the kinetics of Cr(?) adsorbed by activated carbon was studied. It was found that the activated carbon of Cr (?) had good adsorption performance, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model is fit to the adsorption process.The nano-iron which supported activated carbon(AC-nZVI) was prepared by the liquid-phase reduction, with actived carbon as a carrier. Then the structure and properties of sample were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD and BET. Not only the removal efficiency of methyl orange(MO) in aqueous solution by activated carbon(AC), nanoscale iron(nZVI), and AC-nZVI was investigated, but also discussed some parameters such as initial concentration, dosage, pH value and temperature, which affect on the removal efficiency of MO. The results showed that:the performance of nano-iron has been improved significantly for MO removal after activated carbon loaded. Within 30 minutes, there is a 95% removal efficiency, and achieved balance after one hour.In this study, soapnut saponin which extracted from sapindus peel can be used as raw material in cosmetic products. Then, on the one hand, the activated carbon which prepared by activating used phosphoric acid from the sapindus residue can be used as an adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metals, on the other hand, in order to improve the performance of nZVI, activated carbon was supported to it. Finally, AC-nZVI have a positive efficiency in removing MO from aqueous solution. Through this method, the comprehensive utilization of the sapindus fruit peel is achieved, which has high value of utilization, and it is economic and environmental. |
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