| Whole grains has been eaten by Chinese as traditional food for thousands of years, it has played an important role in our life. However, the mixture of different kinds of grains has been inherited by word of mouth since ancient time, and many formulas lack of necessary scientific verification.Therefore, this study aims to obtain a formula by systematic experiment according to nutrients, “five performance” of food, physical properties and the antioxidant properties of grains. The formula includes five compositions,it has several advantages, rich nutrition, high antioxidant activity and better flavor. This study offers guide for developing grain formula with high antioxidant activity and corresponding processing technology, it is significant for guiding research and production of similar products. The main research content and results are as follows:(1) Selection of raw materials in formula92 antioxidant formulas included traditional whole grain were collected by retrieving various keywords from network database and relative books.Non-grains among them were removed and present frequency of them was counted,30 grain raw materials with higher frequency were obtained after descending order.Total antioxidation and antioxidant activity of water-soluble components and liposoluble compounds were accessed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC) assay. Their ORAC value's orders were combineed with nutrients, “five perforance” and healthy function, black bean, black sesame, purple rice, wheat, brown rice were selected as five ingredients of formulation according to that analysis.(2) Determination of each composition's content25 experiments schemes with different content were designded by Design-expert 6.0.5, then their total ORAC value, the value of both water soluble content and liposoluble compounds were assessed, the optimum formula was obtained by simulation and optimization in software based on their total ORAC value. Content of active substance in 25 groups included polyphenols and flavonoids were determinated. The correlation coefficient value between them and ORAC was about 0.9, the difference with two groups was remarkable. It has suggested that 25 formulations had antioxidation based on antioxidative polyphenols and flavonoids, and the optimum formula was reasonable from simulation and optimation from 25 groups. The optimum formula included 5.16%brown rice, 30.00% black sesame, 5.01% wheat, 29.83% black bean, 30.00% purple rice.(3) Verification of antioxidation properties of the optimum formula by Caenorhabditis elegans1000, 5000, and10000?g/m L extract of the optimum formula were treated in Wild type N2 worms at respectively.To investigate the potential aging and antioxidant properties of the extract, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was chosen as an experimental model organism. It was found that the extract extended the mean life of wild type worms to 13.07%, 24.51%, 31.46%,respectively. Difference between 3 groups were remarkable(P<0.05); in physiological indexes, numbers of eggs and locomotive ability had not significance difference(P>0.05); the extract added expression of SOD-3 in CF1553 type Caenorhabditis elegans, three groups had significant difference(P<0.05).The extract significantly suppressed the adverse effects caused by heat-stress and oxidative stress on nematode, under heat-stress, 3 groups increased the mean survival rate of wild type worms to 42.01%, 55.99%, 68.86%,there was no significance between high concentration and the other two concentrations.(4) The research on properties of powder of the optimum formulaThe powder of optimum formula was prepared in various size includes 20~40 mesh, 40~60 mesh, 60~80 mesh, 80~100 mesh, 100~200 mesh and >200 mesh,focusing on their powder properties such as solubility, swelling capability,enzyme digestion, and so on; change of solvents such as UV absorbance,turbidity, chromatism etc.Results showed that particle size which was less than 100 was mainly distributed in the interval of 100-300?m. Particle size more than 100 was mainly distributed from 0 to 50?m.Finer powder sample could achieve better solubility and swelling capability, higher enzymolysis rate and shorter full enzymolysis time. While in the aqueous solution, as mesh increased, UV absorbance(A280) increased, turbidity(A700) decreased. The solution tended to yellow as a consequence of the changing chrominance with components L and a increased, component b decreased. In a word, particle size influenced powder properties and change of solvents of samples, and influence on particle size which was less than 100 mesh more than the one which more than 100 mesh. |
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