Design And Application Of Multi Point Glacier Movement Monitoring System Based On RTK Technology

North and south polar regions stored a lot of water in the form of solid ice,the ice content is about 97% of global ice volume,almost the entire Antarctic continent is covered by a large ice sheet.Since the beginning of the 21 st century,the global warming trend has been deepening,which has led to the collapse and melting of a large number of glaciers and triggered a series of natural disasters.Because of the intrinsic movement characteristics of the glaciers,plastic deformation and bottom sliding occur within the glaciers,and the glaciers' movement characteristics are also affected by snowfall and temperature,which leads to a single measurement of the glaciers and cannot completely understand their internal characteristics.Therefore,it is particularly important to monitor the glacier activity for a long time and analyze the glacier flow pattern.A deeper understanding and study of glaciers not only can predict glacial disasters,but also can be used as a basis to analyze the accumulation rate of ice sheets,study ancient climate changes,and predict the future climate and environmental changes of the Earth.Gaining first-hand data on glaciers has profound implications in various disciplines.At present,most of the means of glacial monitoring at home and abroad are long-range and large-scale remote sensing monitoring such as aerial imagery and satellite remote sensing.The actual field measurements are mostly manual measurements.Although remote sensing technology has a large monitoring area,but its measurement accuracy is low,and it cannot fully meet the requirements of high-precision data analysis,and the measurement cost is relatively high.Although the artificial field measurement has high accuracy,the measurement site is the polar glaciers.It is located in a remote and harsh environment and cannot be measured in the long term.Although the above measurement methods have their own advantages and disadvantages,the long-term observation of high-precision field observations still requires further research.Based on the analysis of the above measurement methods,this paper proposes a reliable,high-precision,high-automation field measurement method for the on-site observation of glaciers during the Antarctic survey.Utilizing carrier phase differential technology combined with data wireless transmission means,a fully automatic unmanned monitoring station was set up on the glacier to carry out field measurements of glaciers.The article first describes the background and significance of glacier movement monitoring,and then briefly describes the development history and research frontier of glacier and GPS measurement at home and abroad.From the research content,this paper introduces the technical principle of GPS and RTK differential positioning and the solution method of specific parameters.Subsequently,the overall hardware system design idea was proposed: using RTK technology for multi-point data acquisition,using radio stations for data transmission between stations,using low-power microcontrollers for automatic data collection,and finally applying the Iridium system to return the collected data to China.The module selection and its basic parameters of the system are given.Analyze the main difficulties and solutions in the application of one-to-many practical data acquisition,and introduced the basic processing methods after data acquisition.The highly integrated main control circuit board is designed,and its hardware circuit and software programming are elaborated in detail.In order to achieve a high degree of automation of the system and simplify the useless work of researchers,this article also set up a host computer monitoring system based on Lab VIEW,which can display the information of the measuring points in real time.The automatic data acquisition,transmission and integration processing of the monitoring system are realized.Finally,in order to verify the correctness of the hardware and software design of the system and the actual requirements of this study,a single module test and an overall experiment were performed on the overall system,and analyzed the experimental results.As a result,the system can meet the long-term measurement of small movements of glaciers with an accuracy of up to centimeters.With strong practicality,it provides a new measurement method for polar glacial movement.