Research Of Underwater Sensor Network Localization Algorithm

Underwater wireless sensor network is the extension for underwater wireless sensor network. It inherited the characteristics of the wireless sensor network (WSN), which has low energy consumption, high flexibility, and can be large-scale deployment, long time without guard, and able to deploy to the artificial inaccessible areas. These characteristics make an important means of underwater wireless sensor network has become the management of the marine environment, resources protection, disaster monitoring, marine engineering, offshore production operations and marine military activities. But the special characteristics of underwater wireless sensor network, such as:GPS cannot be used in the water, narrow underwater acoustic channel bandwidth. Which determines the localization algorithm of terrestrial wireless sensor networks cannot feasible for underwater localization. Because that the underwater sensor nodes are deployed in the complex underwater environment, the network nodes, especially the nodes which are suspend in water will easily affected by the water and get to move. At present, researchers have designed so many underwater wireless sensor network localization algorithms. But most of these algorithms are designed for static and small scale sensor networks, once the scale of the network and the communication cost increased, the performance of these underwater localization algorithm will be greatly reduced.This paper first describes the background and significance of the research of underwater localization algorithm, and briefly introduces the application characteristics of underwater wireless sensor networks. Underwater wireless sensor networks localization algorithms and their advantages and disadvantages have also been discussed. By studying a large amount of relevant literature, the existing wireless sensor positioning algorithm of underwater have been classified. This paper focus on the underwater wireless sensor network localization, analyzed the difficulties of underwater localization and the mobility of the sensor nodes which caused by the current. This paper has proposed localization algorithm which makes full use of the mobility of the sensor nodes and the current model. Firstly, transforming the existing current models, and using the Kalman prediction algorithm and the anchor nodes’ localization information to compute the victory of the anchor nodes. According the information of the surrounding reference nodes, non-localized node calculates its speed by the weighted average algorithm and the current model. And then calculates its localization according its last localization and the speed. Thus the communication cost of the hole network decreased. In this paper, non-localized node can be localized when it there is only two reference nodes.Through using the MATLAB simulation tool simulate the localization algorithm proposed in this paper, and comparing the scheme with SLMP algorithm andAHLoS-3C algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed localization algorithm based on current model can improve the rate of localization coverage. And it can decrease the average localization error and communication cost of the hole network.