Study On The Influence Of Highway On Urban Spatial Structure

With the development of the economy, the urbanization of our country has been into anew stage, in which the rapid urbanization has been an important feature of the economic andsocial transformation. It is mainly housing, environment, especially traffic that has influenceon urban development. In the whole traffic system, highway, high-speed railways and aviationon behalf of the modern transportation, which have kept developing in full swing, arechanging extremely the idea of space and patterns of behavior, and have a significant impacton urban structure. Because the highway is the backbone of urban transportation, itsdevelopment will affect directly the overall layout and the function orientation of city. In short,it will have a profound impact on the development of future city.After analyzing related theories and literature, on the basis of Information Entropy,Equilibrium Degree, Traffic connection gravitation mode, City quality model, Regionalaccessibility model, Field strength and field energy mode, we further analyzed the highway’simpact on urban spatial structure of urban agglomerations of Shandong province from theperspectives of population, employment structure, the urban land layout, the urban externaltraffic attraction, industrial agglomeration and urban form, and then, we found that (1)between the municipal district population and the highway mileage, the correlation coefficientis0.961, so it is a significantly positive correlation;(2) the Information Entropy andequilibrium degree of urban agglomerations of Shandong province will rise to1.555in2013,from1.537in2000;(3) for the intercity highway traffic attraction, Zibo is the most attractivecity to Jinan’s traffic, it reached29.41billionYuan*ten thousand people/km2；（4）the qualityindex of Jinan increased in the fastest speed, from101.27in2000to320.10in2012. In2012,the accessible range of Jinan with4hours is the first one. Later, Zibo become the first one in2012.compared to2000, the spatial field of7central cities has significantly improved, themaximum of the space field increasing to1042517in2012, increasing by51.68over2000.The main conclusions of this research have4points, as following:(1) The highway construction of Shandong province has obvious stimulation on the population growth of urban agglomeration, and at the same time, it attracts the ruralpopulation to urban agglomeration, leading to the first industry practitioners gradually shiftingto the second and third industry, and we found it has high correlation with urbanagglomeration scale changes and boost the overall size of the expanding regional cities.(2) The highway transportation made the area’s location conditions improved, leading tothe change of land use structure, embodied in the following aspects: the increase of the size ofresidential land and industrial land; Road land also increased, the increase trend with thehighway construction has a close correlation; but the increase for public facilities land wasmore gentle. At the same time, the highway caused the change of its beside land price andaffected the urban land layout. Residential land gradually from city center to suburb,distribution into the place with certain distance from highway but the transportation isconvenient. Industrial land gradually moved out of the city to both sides of the road or to theroad connected each other. Land for public facilities, especially the commercial land,generally lied in the center of the city, where transportation is convenient, and hasaccessibility to everywhere.(3) Although the growth of the expressway mileage, highway’s attraction of Shandongurban agglomeration will not necessarily increase. Qingdao-Yinchuan highway has biggerattraction along the urban traffic than any other places, and Jinan highway traffic’s attractionis weak.(4) The highway affected industrial agglomeration and urban form. In all urbanagglomerations of Shandong province Jinan made itself a center, and relied on the highway,railway and other transportation, and let these areas develop into six development axis. Inaddition, the city quality index, accessibility scope and urban form will keep growthsignificantly with the expanding of all along the highway.