The Characteristics Of Air Pollution And Impacts On Human Health In Guangzhou

Objectives To investigate the pollution levels and pollution characteristics of air pollutant in Guangzhou. The time-series analysis and panel study were applied to explore the effects of air pollutant on human health.To provide related departments the scientific evidence for measures taking and policies making.Methods1. The characteristics of air pollutant in GuangzhouThe air pollution data from January 2013 to October 2015 in Guangzhou were collected, and analyzed by the SPSS 16.0 software. To study the concentration levels and pollution characteristics of air pollutant.2. The time-series analysis on the effects of air pollution on human health in GuangzhouThe relationship and hysteretic effect between air pollution and daily mortality have been investigated by collecting the air pollution data,the meteorological data and the daily mortality data in Guangzhou from January 2013 to June 2015. The time-series by generalized additive model (GAM) was used, controlling for long-term trends, seasonal patterns, "days of the week" and meteorological variables.3. The panel study on the effects of air pollution on human health inGuangzhouTwo primary schools with different levels of air pollution in Guangzhou were selected as the research field, and selected the students of grade 4-6 as the research object with cluster sampling. Each student was followed up once every 14 days and followed up for 20 times from October 2013 to August 2014. To investigate the occurrence of respiratory symptoms by questionnaires. Generalized linear Poisson regression model was used to analyze the relationship between children’s respiratory symptoms and air pollution and haze.Results1. The characteristics of air pollutant in GuangzhouThe concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 were 63.10,45.35,46.39 and 16.83μg/m3, respectively, and the exceeding standard rates were 1.5%, 12.1%,6.5% and 0, respectively. The concentrations showed obvious decreasing trend. The minimum concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 were in May to August, while SO2 in February or July. The maximum were in different months, PM10 and PM2.5 were in January, October and December, NO2 were in January, February or March, SO2 were in January and December. The concentrations of PM10、PM2.5 and NO2 were:winter> autumn or spring> summer.2. The time-series analysis on the effects of air pollution on human health in GuangzhouThe concentration of air pollutant showed a significant positive effect and a hysteretic effect on daily mortality. PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 had significant positive effects on non-accidental mortality, ER at lagO7 were 1.13%(0.55%-1.71%),1.69%(0.94%-2.45%),1.64%(0.65%-2.64%) and 2.88%(0.71%-5.09%), respectively. PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 had significant positive associated with respiratory mortality, and the best lagging days of PM10 and PM2.5 were lagO7, ER were 1.89%(0.69%-3.10%) and 2.55%(0.99%-4.13%), respectively, while SO2 was Iag4, ER was 3.42%(0.74%-6.17%). PM2.5had a significant positive effect on cardiovascular mortality, ER at lag07 was 1.20%(0.05%-2.36%). The cumulative lag effects of air pollutant were stronger.There was a close correlation between air pollutant and meteorological data.3. The panel study on the effects of air pollution on human health in GuangzhouThe prevalence rates of cough, wheezing within 2 weeks, cough within 2 weeks and phlegm were 3.53%,3.29%,2.08% and 1.56%, respectively. Regression analysis showed respiratory symptoms of children were closely associated with air pollution and haze. Multivariate regression model analysis showed the effect of SO2 was more pronounced.Conclusions1. From January 2013 to October 2015, the concentration of air pollutant in Guangzhou showed a significant decreasing trend, monthly and seasonal variation.2. The concentration of air pollutant showed a significant positive effect and a hysteretic effect on daily mortality in Guangzhou.3. Respiratory symptoms of children were closely associated with air pollution and haze. Air pollution and haze were the risk factors of children’s respiratory symptoms.