| ObjectiveThe aim of this research is to study the incidence of dyslipidemia and to explore its characteristics and influencing factors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results will provide scientific basis for the control of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, prevention of complications and making intervention measures in the elderly patients with T2DM.MethodsA hospital in Yixing, Jiangsu Province, was selected as the research site and to recruit volunteers in the elderly T2DM patients who came to the clinic. The height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference of subjects were measured, and living and dietary habits were investigated. The survey contents included general situation (gender, age, marriage, occupation, job nature, education level), disease status (diabetes, dyslipidemia), exercise, etc. Dietary survey using recent one year. food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).The fasting blood samples were collected in the morning for detecting the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (fins), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc).Eipdata software is adopted to establish the database and complete the data entry, using the EXCEL and SPSS 19.0 software for statistical analysis of data.The selected variables by the single factor analysis were carried out an effect on blood lipid multiariable Logistic regression analysis, to calculate the the odds ratio (OR) and 95% visible interval (95% Cl) of influence factors on the blood lipid disorders occurrence.Results1. The health and nutritional status of subjectsThe survey investigated a total of 156 elderly patients with T2DM,55 males,101 females (65.6±4.6 years old on average). The longest duration of diabetes was 31 years and the minimum was 1 year (8.8±6.2 years on average).54.7% of the subjects took medicines,27.1% of them were injected with insulin,16.5% of them took drugs plus insulin treatment, and 1.8% of them took diet control only.The overweight and obesity prevanlence rates were 48.1% and 13.4% respectively. There was no differences between the male and female on body mass index (BMI) or the hip circumference. The waist-hip ratio of male patients was significantly greater than that of women.37.2% of the subjects were central obesity. The proportion of central obesity in female was significantly higher than that in male. According to the body composition measurements, the body fat rate of female was significantly higher than that of the male. The water ratio, visceral fat level and basal metabolic rate of male were significantly higher than those of female.The dietary grain intake of subjects reached the recommended amount of the balanced diet pagoda for Chinese residents. And the dietary intakes of fruits and vegetables, poultry meat, fish, milk and dairy products consumption were shortage. The dietary intakes of oil, salt were greater than the recommended amount. The amount of drinking water was greater than 1200ml. The rates of reached the DRIs dietary of vitamin E, iron intakes were relatively high, respectively,94.8% and 81%. 85.6% of the respondents whose dietary sodium intakes were excessive. And that the rate of reached DRIs of rest nutrient intakes were low.2. The serum glucose and lipid levels of subjectsThe survey shows that 60.9% of patients with dyslipidemia, much higher than 22.4% of the questionnaire survey. In particular, patients with blood total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein abnormalities are more. For 95.4% of the subjects, the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-1R) was higher than 1. The vast majority of subjects are in insulin resistance status. The rates of subjects whose fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were normal were only 18.9% and 43.1% respectively.3. The influence factors of blood lipidsThe the single factor analysis showed that 9 variables had significant effect on blood lipids.7 variables were included in the multivariate analysis, and there were three significant variables including drinking, body fat, HOMA-IR which were the risk factors of blood lipids disorder.Conclusion1. Many of the elderly patients with T2DM are overweight or obese, most of them are centricity obese. The feminine fat rates and fat quantity in the body significantly are higher than the male’s.2. For most of the elderly patients with T2DM, their nutrients intakes beside vitamin E and iron were low, and 85.6% of them were in excess of sodium intake.3. In this investigation, the rates of subjects whose fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were normal were only 18.9% and 43.1% respectively. The blood glucose control was not ideal. Dyslipidemia patients accounted for 60.9% of them only 22.4% of patients know their own dyslipidemia.4. Drinking, body fat, HOMA-IR were the risk factors of dyslipidemia in elderly patients with T2DM. |
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