Prevention Study Of Spirulina Kinase On Aterosclerosis In Rats

Objective:The atherosclerosis model of rats were established by high-fat diet and vitamin D3 and giving the spirulina kinase (SPK) at the same time. To discuss the preventive and intervening mechanism of SPK from five aspects that is the levels of blood lipids, oxidative stress, expression of adhesion molecules, inflammatory factor expression and morphological changes of arteries.Methods:78 male SD rats, weight 220-250g, divided into 6 groups randomly. That is normal control group, model group, positive control group, low concentrations of SPK group, middle concentrations of SPK group, high concentrations of SPK group, except the normal control group were given normal diet, the other groups were given high-fat diet and were intraperitoneally injected vitamin D3 (VD3). normal control group and model group was given distilled water by gavage, and the positive control group was treated by simvastatin 4mg/kg; low, middle, high concentrations of SPK group were given 80,160,320IU/Kg of SPK by gavage. Rats in each group were given medicine once a day, Rats of all group free drink water, recording the weight of rats at the same time every week, the experiment lasts 12 weeks, The rats were anesthetized and draw blood. The lipid levels including TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer; The content of NO, SOD, MDA was measured by colorimetric method; The content of IL-6, TNF-a, ICAM-1 and VACM-1 of serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Abdominal aorta were observe the pathological changes after Hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results:1. Changes of every group rats body weightThe rats body weight of normal control group have grown steadily; The body weight of the rats in the model group increased at the first five week and then decreased; The weight of positive control group rats remained unchanged; The weight of low concentrations of SPK group increased at first six week and then decline; The weight of middle concentrations of SPK group had increased compared with those before the experiment; The weight of high concentrations of SPK group increased slowly, the increment is not obvious.2.Lipid levels of rats in every groupCompared with the normal control group, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C in the model group was higher significantly, the levels of HDL-C decreased (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C of Positive control group and the every dose group of SPK decreased, and the HDL-C increased (P<0.05); Compared with the normal control group and positive control group, the levels of HDL-C in every dose group of SPK had no significant difference (P>0.05).3. Comparison of the levels of NO、SOD、MDA in different groups ratsCompared with the normal control group, the content of NO and SOD decreased, the content of MDA in serum of model group increased significantly in the model group (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, the content of NO and the activity of SOD increased, the content of MDA decreased in Positive control group (P<0.05); Middle and high concentrations of SPK group can increase the content of NO (P<0.05), the activity of SOD increased and the content of MDA decreased in the every dose group of SPK; compared with normal control group and Positive control group The content of NO and MDA in the high concentrations of SPK group had no difference (P>0.05).4. Comparison of expression of adherence factor ICAM-1 and VACM-1 in serum of rats in every groupCompared with normal control group, the levels of ICAM-1 and VACM-1 in serum of model group increased significantly (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, simvastatin and SPK can decrease the content of adhesion molecules(P<0.05); Compared with normal control group, the levels of ICAM-1 in Positive control group and the high concentrations of SPK has no difference (P>0.05).5. Comparison of expression of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of rats in every groupCompared with normal control group, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-a in serum of rats were significantly higher in model group (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, Positive control group and every dose group of SPK can decrease the content of IL-6 and TNF-a (P<0.05); Compared with normal control group, the content of TNF-a in Positive control group had no difference (P>0.05).6. Pathological changes of arterial vesselArterial vessel were stained by Hematoxylin-eosin, results showed that normal control group artery structure is integrated, the intima is smooth, smooth muscle cells arranged regularly; Compared with the normal control group, the positive control group was no abnormal change, The rats in the model group, vascular endothelial drop and damaged, Vascular intima start atrophy, Smooth muscle cell appear to proliferate, foam cells and lipid deposits in the intima, and the elastic fibers degenerate and arranged disordered, disintegration and fracture. The degree of atherosclerotic plaque lesions was significantly reduced after given SPK, especially high concentrations of SPK group, the structural integrity of the arterial endothelial layer, compared with the normal control group, there was no abnormal; Middle concentrations of SPK group intima is still smooth, smooth muscle cells arranged a little disorder; Low concentrations of SPK group vascular intima was found to fall off and rough, intima thickening protruding into the lumen and there was still a degeneration of elastic fibers.Conclusion:1.SPK can delay or inhibit the formation and development of atherosclerosis in rats.2. SPK can inhibit the formation and development of atherosclerosis may be through reducing the harmful blood lipid levels, inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction to achieve.3. High concentrations of SPK group prevent atherosclerosis effect is better than the low and middle concentrations of SPK group, the ability of inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction equal to simvastatin, The ability to reduce blood lipid is inferior to simvastatin.