Enhanced Proliferation And Osteogenic Differentiation Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells On Biomineralized Three-dimensional Graphene Foams

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and the life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that can restore, maintain, or improve tissue function, such as bone repair and reconstruction. A key component in tissue engineering for bone regeneration is the scaffold that serves as a template for cell interactions and the formation of bone-extracellular matrix to provide structural support to the newly formed tissue. Scaffolds for bone regeneration should meet certain criteria to serve this function, including mechanical properties similar to those of the bone repair site, biocompatibility and biodegradability at a rate commensurate with remodeling.The unique structure and physical/chemical properties of graphene(G) have motivated researchers to explore diversified bone tissue engineering. Human mesenchymal stem cells(h MSC) hold great promise for bone regeneration, yet the direction of MSC proliferation and induction of MSC differentiation remain challenging.This study we try to biomineralized two-dimensional graphene(2DG) films and three-dimensional graphene(3DG) substrates and explored the influence of proliferation and differentiation of Human mesenchymal stem cells(h MSC).We explored that influence of the graphene’s morphology with the different concentration of HCO3–(5, 10, 15 and 20 m M), we find that the mineral coating morphology changed from plat-like, to particles, to net-like with the increase of HCO3– concentration. The nano-structured hydroxyapatite(HA) particles decorated 2D graphene films(HA-2DG) and 3D graphene(HA-3DG) scaffolds were developed by mineralization in 10 times concentrated simulated body fluid(10SBF) containing 10 m M of HCO3–. The HA-2DG films and HA-3DG scaffolds showed higher roughness and cell viability compared with the 2D graphene films. It was show that biomineralized graphene have a great biocompatibility for h MSC.Here, we report the utilization of mineralized 3DG scaffolds for h MSC growth. The mineralized 3DG scaffolds showed higher cell proliferation of h MSC compared with those of 2DG films. More importantly, the HA-3DG scaffolds supported the cell adhesion and elongation, and subsequently enhanced their differentiation towards osteoblasts(13.7, 10.9 and 1.89 fold at 7d, 10 d and 14 d respectively from the western blot analysis). These findings demonstrated the potential of the mineralized 3DG scaffold holds great promise for developing of osteoconductive tissue engineered constructs.