| Background and objective Alzheimer’s Disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, it is characterized by cognitive and memorial dysfunctions. Under the microscope, it shows that a large number of neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, extensive neuronal loss and so on. Besides the pathological change appears 5-10 years before the clinical manifestations. So far, the pathogenesis and etiology of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is not very clear. But it is reported that the related factors may involve the nerve inflammation reaction, genetic susceptibility, genetic variation, metabolic disorder, education and other factors.Copper(Cu) is a necessary trace element for the human body which plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological functions, especially in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, blood system and immune system.The role of copper in the pathogenesis of AD is gradually paid more attention, and it has become a new bright spot. However, no conclusion has been draw on the relationship between the copper level and AD so far.Homocysteine(Hcy) is the metabolites methionine, the body cannot produce.Normally, the serum Hcy level is low, and a dynamic equilibrium of the generation and removal exists in the body. High Hcy is the risk factors of the atherosclerosis,cerebral infarction, and it can lead to AD, by inducing vascular lesions in the brain.Uric acid(UA) is usually existing in the form of urate. Uric acid plays an important role in scavenging free radical, antioxidant and other aspects. It is closely related to diabetes, gout and other diseases, and the relationship between uric acid and AD is not very clear.Whether the level of serum copper, Hcy, uric acid is related to the occurrence of AD. Whether there is correlation between the level of serum copper, Hcy and cognitive function, life quality or not has a dispute for a long time. And this is the reason for our research.Methods A total of 96 patients with AD were selected from May 2012 to August 2014 in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, including 40 male cases and56 female cases. The age is from 65 to 85, and the average age is 76.4 ± 6.7. 120 healthy people were selected as the control group, whose age were from 65 to 85, and the average age were 77.7 ±5.7, male 56 cases, female 64 cases, without central nervous system diseases, anxiety, depression, mental disorders, dementia; diabetes,coronary heart disease, kidney disease, gout, blood disease, cerebral infarction and so on. The simple Intelligence Scale(MMSE) was used to evaluate to the cognitive function of the two groups(the orientation, comprehension, calculation, memory),and the WHOQOL-BREF(Chinese version) to evaluate the life quality.During 7:00-8:00 am everyday, drew 3ml blood from lbow venous of 2 groups without eating anything, placed in vacuum tube of sodium citrate. All the research objects did not take allopurinol, angiotensin II receptor antagonist, serum uric acid secretion drugs.Results The level of serum copper, homocysteine and tau protein of the AD patients was higher than the control group(P < 0.001). The level of uric acid and beta amyloid protein was lower than the control group(P < 0.001). MMSE scores negatively correlated with the level of serum copper,homocysteine(P < 0.001), but has no correlation with uric acid and Aβ1-42. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that serum copper was the influence factor of quality of life. Serum copper and Hcy were the influence factors of MMSE(P < 0.05).Conclusions1.The serum copper and Hcy level in AD patients was higher than the normal, and the level negatively correlated with the quality of life and cognitive function. It suggested that serum copper was the influence factor of quality of life. Serum copper and Hcy were the influence factors of MMSE.2.The uric acid level in AD patients was lower than the normal suggests that uric acid may play a positive role in the prevention of AD.3.A join-detection of serum copper, homocysteine, uric acid, Tau, A beta 1-42 levels may provide basis for early diagnosis of AD. |
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