The Change And Clinical Significance Of Peripheral Blood T Lymphocyte Subsets In Children With Bronchial Asthma

Bronchial Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, the main clinical performance is wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, accompanied by variable expiratory airflow limitation, physical examination can find expiratory wheezes, together with prolonged expiratory phase, which has the characteristics of repeatability, reversibility, timeliness, incentives diversity, and viral infections can often induce acute asthma attack. The onset of asthma can happen at any age, but most of them originating in childhood. As a polygenic disease, the pathogenesis of asthma is not so clear, in recent years, more and more scholars began to pay attention to the the role of the immune system cells in the occurrence and development of asthma.The main execution cells of cellular immunity is T lymphocytes. In the immune response, T helper（Th） cells can assist or regulate other immune cells, and enhance and expand immune response through secreting cytokines, and its main surface marker is CD4, the number of which can reflect the body’s immune function. A more recognized theory is that there is Th1 / Th2 imbalance in asthma. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes′s main effect is to destroy these infected target cells, which have the role of antiviral, anti-tumor and immune regulation, and the its main surface marker is CD8. Now a growing number of studies have shown that CD8 + cells play an important role in regulating CD4 +cells related autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and CD8 + CD28- cells may be associated with the development of asthma. So in this article,the level of peripheral blood T cell subsets in children with asthma was tested. Objectives:To investigate the role of CD³⁺, CD⁴⁺, CD⁸⁺cells in the pathogenesis of asthma and its relationship with acute episode of asthma through exploring the immunological pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Methods:We enrolled clinical diagnosed bronchial asthma outpatients and inpatients who were treated in Pediatric Respiratory Department of the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University during 2014 May to 2015 June as the research object. Healthy children who accepted health physical examination during the same period and were in the same age groups in the Outpatient Department were selected as the control group. In total, we collected 99 cases of bronchial asthma, 42 cases of the control group,according to the clinical symptoms, we divided the asthma patients into acute and non-acute groups, which has 81 cases and 18 cases respectively. We collected the basic information of the patients including age, and measured the levels of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, the main parameters include: CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD4 / CD8.We analyzed all the data by the software SPSS18.0 statistically. Results:1. The level of CD³⁺ in peripheral blood in asthma group is slightly lower than the control group, P > 0.05, there is no statistical difference;the level of CD⁴⁺ in peripheral blood in asthma group is higher than the control group, P < 0.05, there is statistical difference;the level of CD⁸⁺ in peripheral blood in asthma group is lower than the control group, P<0.05, there is statistical difference;the level of CD4/CD8 in peripheral blood in asthma group is higher than the control group, P < 0.01, there is statistically significant differences.2. The level of CD⁴⁺ cells in peripheral blood in asthmatics in exacerbation and stable stage group is higher than the control group, P<0.05, there is statistically significant differences.3. The level of CD⁸⁺ cells in peripheral blood in asthmatics in exacerbation and stable stage group is lower than the control group, P<0.05, there is statistically significant differences.4.The level of CD4/CD8 level in peripheral blood in asthmatics in exacerbation and stable stage group is higher than the control group, P<0.01, P<0.05 respectively, there is statistically significant differences.5. To analyze the correlation between the occurrence of asthma and the level of CD³⁺, CD⁴⁺, CD⁸⁺ using the Logistic regression model. Conclusion: 1. There is elevated levels of CD4 + cells, decreased levels of CD⁸⁺ cells and elevated levels of CD4 / CD8 in bronchial asthma children, prompting T cell subsets imbalance may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. 2. There is still decreased levels of CD⁸⁺ cells and elevated levels of CD4 / CD8 in stable stage group, hints that body immune disorders still exsits in children with asthma remission. 3. The total T cell level change in bronchial asthma children has no statistical difference. 4. Elevated levels of CD4 + in peripheral blood may be one of the risk factors for the asthma.