| Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy, the situation of environmental pollution and ecological degradation is becoming serious with time going by, which is a problem gathering attention world widely. Environmental pollution has a large percentage of influence on human health. The main detection that we have on environmental pollutants right now is on external exposure level. External exposure detection is mainly focusing on pollutants existing in air index and water cleanliness, which cannot reflect directly the degrees of environmental pollutants exposure level in human beings. Under the same background, environmental pollutants exposure levels in our bodies can be different, as well as the health hazard, which could be the result of various lifestyles and genetic factors of human beings. Thus, it shows the significance to internal exposure level of environmental pollutants. Internal exposure level examines directly on the concentration of contaminants from living specimens, like blood, urine, saliva, and so on. It can reflect the exposure level of particular individual in specific environments. The data got from examination can also be used in the related studies of environmental pollutants and diseases.The salbutamol (SAL) we study here is a member of β-cordial family. It can facilitate the growing process of livestock, reduce fat deposition and increase the rate of lean in livestock. As a result, it will often be added in animal fodders by illegal farmers. The structure of salbutamol is stable. It is easy to accumulate in animal tissues and viscera, which could lead to the threat of people’s health. Therefore, it is important to detect the residual volume of salbutamol in human bodies. Currently, the instrument analysis methods like chromatography, which detect salbutamol, have disadvantages of time-consuming, high cost, complex sample process, complex operation and so on, which result in the difficulties in mass detection. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) detection method is a way of analysis based on the specific binding be antigen and antibody, which presents the advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity high flux, low detection time, low cost, simple operation and without any previous preparation. Thus internal exposure level can be regarded as the best method of environmental pollutants detection in human bodies. Though there have been some kinds of reports about ELISA detection method of salbutamol, methods are all established on the detection of salbutamol in external environmental mediums like agriculture products. In other words, they are not suitable for human samples.Our study which focuses on the common environmental pollutant, salbutamol, set up the direct competitive ELISA detecting method based on the specimens of human urine. The method includes compounding enzyme sample product, then packaging, excluding and developing. The volume of environmental pollutant salbutamol in human bodies under this method can preliminary reflect the exposure level and distribution characteristics among human beings. It can also help to build related fundamental database, which will contribute to the establishment of internal exposure level of limited standard and some correlation studies.1. Development of direct competitive ELISA for detecting salbutamolObjective:This study is aiming at establishing high precision and low cost of direct competitive ELISA detecting method of salbutamol.Method:Develop direct competitive ELISA detecting method of salbutamol based on antigen antibody specificity principle. Establish standard curve and examine the accuracy and recovery rate of the method.Result:The salbutamol median inhibitory concentration of direct competitive ELISA detecting salbutamol method is 1.15 ng/mL. The minimum detection line is 0.01 ng/mL. The recovery rate is 86.2%-112.5%. The coefficient of variability is 6.23%-11.52%.Conclusion:The method that our study set up is simple manipulation, high specificity and sensitivity. It can be used in large number of specimens’detection of environmental pollutant.2. Detection of salbutamol’s internal exposure level among human and the correlation analysisObjective:Detect the salbutamol’s internal exposure level in human bodies. Analyze the correlation of salbutamol and human health condition preliminarily.Method:Exam the concentration of salbutamol in body solution sample by using the direct competitive ELISA detecting salbutamol method developed by our study. Use SPSS 17 software to analyze the data and conclude the characteristics of data.Result:The detection rate of salbutamol examined in 1,648 human cases is 96%. The detection range is LOD-30.83 ng/mL. Salbutamol geometric mean is 0.50 ng/mL, median is 0.73 ng/mL and 90 Percentile is 3.85 ng/mL. The concentration of salbutamol in non-pregnant women is much higher than in pregnant women (P<0.0001). There is no statistical significance in age, gender and healthy condition.Conclusion:The method that developed in our study can examine the high internal exposure level of salbutamol in human bodies, which clearly states that the internal exposure detection of salbutamol is necessary. While the effects on human bodies still need to be discovered.Summary:Our study explore the detection method that salbutamol has on internal exposure level of human bodies. We establish the direct competitive ELISA detecting method of salbutamol, which is high sensitivity and specificity, based on the specific combination of antigen and antibody. Other than that, we also examine the internal exposure level of salbutamol in human bodies and analyze the correlation to human body health by referring to human’s urine. The results sufficient illustrate that it is necessary to detect the internal exposure level and the method we set up is viable and can be detected in a large quantity. Furthermore, our study set up some basic statistics of salbutamol internal exposure level of human bodies, which provides references for future limited quantity research of salbutamol. |
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