Role Of Sphincter Of Oddi Motility Played In Process Of Pigment Gallbladder Stone Formation In Guinea Pigs

Background and objective:Gallstones are common multiple diseases of biliary tract diseases.Gallstones ingredients mainly for:glue bilirubin, cholesterol, protein, calcium, etc. Bilirubin as the main composition of gallstones is called bilirubin stone (brown stones),Melanin, sticky protein and calcium as the main composition of gallstones is called melanin calculus (black stone).The two were bile pigment calculus. Gallstones is biological formed by abnormal mineralization itself a kind of product. Biological in nature to achieve a certain number of pathological conditions. Some organic substrates (such as protein, polysaccharides and so on) at the molecular level through a series of complex biological processes (control mineral nucleation, growth, micro assembly) obtained products.In Asia, pigment gallstone is very common. Its treatment, especially for intrahepatic ones, is a very difficult problem in biliary surgery. In China, pigment bile duct stones was found for about 10% of the gallstone patients which the ratio decreased apparently. But the etiology and pathogenesis of pigment gallstones have not been fully clarified. Etiologically, many factors including age, bacterial infection, malnutrition, biliary stasis, impaired intestinal barrier function and congenital duodenal diverticulum may contribute to the diseases. Biliary stasis is thought to be an important factor in stone formation. Circular smooth muscle at the end of the common bile duct and the end of pancreatic duct with Circular muscle biliary and pancreatic periampullary are called sphincter of Oddi. For sphincter of Oddi (SO) is the only gate throw which bile discharged into the 1 duodenum. Sphincter of Oddi motility may play important role in process of pigment gallstone formation. In this study we investigated role of sphincter of Oddi motility played in pigment gallbladder stone formation in model of guinea pigs. The myoelectric activity and pressure of SO were measured simultaneously at different stages of stone formation.Methods:Thirty-four general adult male Hartley guinea pigs were divided randomly into two groups. Control group and pigment stone groups(they were divided into 4 subgroups with 6 guinea pigs each according to time they were sacrificed), fed with pigment lithogenic diet and sacrificed after 3,6,9 and 12 weeks.A greenish yellow colored, granular calculus could be seen against the contrastive clear background in the gallbladders of the guinea pigs. The calculi were tested by IR spectrometry to verify the sample as pigment gallstone, suggesting the success of establishment of pigment gallstone-forming animal models. Sphincter of Oddi manometry and recording of myoelectric activity of the guinea pigs were obtained by multifunctional physiograph at each stage.Results:1. The incidence of pigment gallstone formation was 0%,0%,16.7% and 66.7% in 3w,6w,9w and 12w group.2. The frequency of myoelectric activity decreased apparently in the 3w group (P<0.05).The amplitude of myoelectric activity had the tendency of decreasing but not statistical apparently.3.The frequency of sphincter of Oddi decreased apparently in the 9w group (P<0.05)4. The sphincter of Oddi basal pressure and common bile duct pressure increased apparently in the 12 w (from 25.19±7.77mmHg to 40.56±11.81mmHg and from 22.35±7.60mmHg to 38.51±11.57mmHg)group(P<0.05)Conclusion:1. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is one of the most important factors in the formation of bile pigment calculus.2. Bile pigment lithogenic diet may induce the sphincter of Oddi motility disorder.3. Oddi sphincter hypertonia may play a role in stone formation.4.The lithogenic diet induced Oddi sphincter motility disorder of the mechanism is not yet clear, diet control and regulation of the sphincter of Oddi motility may play an important role in the formation of the prevention of bile pigment calculus.