Ionic Liquids In The Application Of The Traditional Chinese Medicine Volatile Oil Extraction

RATIONALES:Volatile oils are volatile components of generic plant tissue obtained by steam distillation, most with flavor, mainly composed of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes compounds. Essential Oil is widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and with good pharmacological activity. Since ancient times, through a long period of medical practice, it was found that the volatile oil has many medicinal values, such as expectorant, cough, asthma, carminative, stomachic, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological activity. Currently volatile oil in many respects, especially in medical, cosmetic aspects of the increasingly significant, it is essential to study development and utilization of volatile oil. However, the process of volatile oil extraction, there have many disadvantages, such as low extraction efficiency, long extraction time and extraction equipment is expensive and other shortcomings, so that volatile oil prices generally higher, severely limits the scope of the volatile oil should be used. The work on the use of new green reagent ionic liquids based on the extraction of volatile oil, adding the amount of alkali metal salts, in order to increase the extraction rate of volatile oils and shortening the extraction time. In addition, the establishment of ionic liquids as well as best practices and alkali metal salts of volatile oil extraction, and explore different ionic liquids and alkali metal salts of the existence of constituents of volatile oil extraction selectivity.OBJECTIVE:(1) To establish ionic liquid solution (Ionic Liquid Solution, ILS) based method of volatile oil extraction, compared with the traditional steam distillation method (Steam Dstillation, SD) to extract the overall differences in the volatile oil, and with the metabolomics technology find the differences metabolites. (2) To establish alkali metal ion (Li+, Na+, K+) and the mixed ionic liquid solution (Ionic Liquid and Alkali Metal Ions of Solution, ILAS) based method of volatile oil extraction, and discussion of alkali metal ions and the role of the relationship between ionic liquids, as well as volatile oil content and composition effects, and filter out the optimal combination of alkali metal ions and ionic liquids, using metabolomics technology to find differences in metabolites.METHODS:(1) Select six ionic liquids that have the ability to dissolve cellulose by the literature reported:C2mim[CH3COO], C4min[CH3COO], C2min[H2PO4], C4min[H2PO4], C2mim[Br] 和 C4min[Br], using Pharmacopeia volatile oil extraction unit, the extraction methods of SD and ILS, respectively. Inspect the factors of ILS method.(2) Adding a certain amount of alkali metal ions by the methods-based (1), Inspect the factors of ILAS method. The results of quantitative analysis and comparison of different methods to extract the yield of volatile oil; All volatile oil samples were detected by GC-MS. The identification of GC-MS metabolites was based on searching the mass spectral database library NIST 2005 or comparison with the literature reported. Followed by XCMS software conducted peak alignment, cutting, filtering noise and other preprocessing, ate normalization after its pretreatment import SIMCA-P software. PCA was run for obtaining a general overview of the variance of metabolites, and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal discriminant partial least squares analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed to obtain the different metabolites. Explore the alkali metal ions on the influence of IL extraction of volatile oil.RESULTS:(1) The results of extraction methods that traditional Pharmacopoeia SD, ILS and ILAS methods:This work successfully established an extraction essential oil methods about Cinnamomum cassia, Bupleurum chinense DC And Tussilago farfara L. that determine the optimal concentration of IL, extraction reflux time, type and concentration of the alkali metal and selected optimal ionic liquid. Compared with traditional volatile oil extraction method, applied IL and alkali metal salts not only shorten the extraction time, and get a higher extraction rate. Particularly essential oil extraction shortened under circumstances and the yield increased by 0.63 times on Tussilago farfara L. Followed by Bupleurum chinense DC.the extraction improved 0.38 times. The extraction rate did not significantly improve the Cinnamomum cassia extract, only shorten the time doubled.(2) GC-MS results:The sample GC-MS analysis by NIST 05 database retrieval and literature comparison, and volatile oil components and the difference between essential oil during different methods by metabolomics were identified. By Cinnamomum cassia, Bupleurum chinense DC.and Tussilago farfara L. were investigated, respectively. Based on the difference volatile oil major ingredient they contain, found that [C4mim] [CH3COO] was a good reagent that suitable sesquiterpene volatile oil, and [C4mim] [H2PO4] applies to aldehydes volatile oil extraction, and the application [C4mim]+ionic liquids, may be appropriate to add an alkali metal salt, in order to obtain a higher yield of volatile oil.Conclusions:(1) This work established the methods based on new green chemistry reagents ionic liquid with extracting the essential oil, and compared with the traditional volatile oil extraction methods. The results indicated that compared to the extraction method of traditional volatile oil, ILS and ILAS have shorten the extraction time, increase the extraction efficiency and reducing reagent contamination, hoping to make the volatile oil obtained by IL fully developed and utilized.(2) The result can be obtained through three different herbs volatile oil extraction that the [C4mim][CH3COO] to extract suitable sesquiterpene volatile oil, [C4mim][H2PO4] applier to aldehydes volatile oil extraction. It can select the most suitable ionic liquids based on volatile oil extracted main component of traditional Chinese medicine, and when [C4mim]+ was used, may be appropriate to add a certain amount of alkali metal salts, it does not change the composition of volatile oil, but can get higher the volatile oil yield.