Research On The Ancient Formula School Yoshimasu Family Syndrome Differentiation And Treatment System About Diseases Caused By Exogenous Evils And Internal Disorders And Their Academic Ideology

Treatise on febrile disease has long been regarded as one of the Traditional Chinese Medicine’s Classics. After been spread abroad since ancient times, it has attracted the attention of a great number of foreign doctors. The study of it continues to today. Edo period was the peak of studying Treatise on febrile disease in Japan, and gradually formed in school, which named the Ancient Formula School.The Ancient Formula School is still active in Japanese medical profession, combines with the modern science and technology, and retains coruscating vitality. It also has an effect on Traditional Chinese Medicine. This school has a large number of distinguished physicians, such as Yoshimasu Todo, Yoshimasu Nangai, etc.Yoshimasu Todo brought new ideas to the Traditional Japanese Medicine, enriching and deepening, propelled the Ancient Formula School to new heights. His son, Yoshimasu Nangai, inherited and developed Yoshimasu Todo ’s thought. They all had many followers. And the followers were productive in their respective fields. Yoshimasu family was an independent school which lasted for hundreds years, and had occupied important academic status in the Ancient Formula School.Objective:This study selects one of the Ancient Formula School’s most powerful branches——Yoshimasu family——as the research object, especially Yoshimasu Todo,Yoshimasu Nangai and their followers. Involves the following parts:1. To study Yoshimasu family academic inheritance, syndrome differentiation and treatment system and academic ideology, can be useful for guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment and creating a basic systematical recognition of the Yoshimasu family;2. Arranging and analyzing its research achievements can show one aspect of Traditional Chinese Medicine spreading abroad, which can help to promote traditional medicine mutual exchanges between China and Japan under the background of new era.Methods:By literature research, based on the use of Yoshimasu Family’s Medical Theory Collections and Medical Records, Cluster of Formulas and Symptoms, Medicine Effectiveness Research, published by Macmillan Press; Emperor Han Medicine published by Chinese Medicine Press, etc. Took Yoshimasu family historical evolution as the main line, constructed the basic research framework, collected and analyzed the inheritance and innovation of Treatise on febrile disease and characteristic syndrome differentiation and treatment system about diseases caused by exogenous evils and internal disorders and academic ideology. At the same time, combined with the studies to adjust clinical practice.Results:After Treatise on febrile disease spread abroad, it caused the attention of the Traditional Japanese Medicine. To study and put into use, it formed the Ancient Formula School, which influenced the Traditional Japanese Medicine ever since. In this school, Yoshimasu Family produced a large number of research achievements, and made it easy to learn and operate during the period of development.Yoshimasu family included Yoshimasu Todo, Yoshimasu Nangai and their numerous followers.1. The main characteristic of syndrome differentiation and treatment system and academic contribution of Yoshimasu Todo were:1.1. He advocated Diseases-Du theory to simplify the etiology, pathology and pharmacy theory. Its purpose is to emphasize the "Du" as the only causes of exogenous disease and internal disease, and it induced all of the symptoms. "Du" also refered to the drug efficacy. Therefore, clinical diagnosis no longer needed to accurately investigate etiology, pathology, concentrated on specific symptoms, and treatment was based on "to poison him poison", which means using property of a medicine to treat the disease.1.2. Yoshimasu Todo thought highly of the concept of the Relative Theory of Formulas and Syndromes, which means by collecting clinical symptoms, primary and secondary, we can affirm the clinical treatment( mainly selections come from Zhang Zhong Jing’s formulas, both Yoshimasu Todo family privates’ and other Japanese traditional prescriptions), then add and subtract based on drug efficacy.1.3. Yoshimasu Todo also had huge contribution to medicine. By studying on Treatise on febrile disease in system, researching literature, combining with his own clinical experience, Yoshimasu Todo summarized a set of new drug analysis systems. And he determined the new functions, usage, dosage, wrote the Medicine Effectiveness Research.1.4. In addition, Yoshimasu Todo had performed the rearrangement, revision and annotation of the Treatise on febrile disease.2. The main characteristic of syndrome differentiation and treatment system and academic contribution of Yoshimasu Nangai were:2.1. Yoshimasu Nangai inherited Yoshimasu Todo’s Diseases-Du theory,. Based on the theory, he proposed his own theory of Qi-Blood-Water. The theory held that Qi, blood, water were the material basis of human body. Out of balance condition, the three would lead to the occurrence of diseases. So the clinical types could be classified by Qi, blood and water.2.2. Qi-Blood-Water theory also applied to categorize drugs and illustrate efficacy, Yoshimasu Nangai used Qi, blood and water as outline to rearrange drugs, and introduce the new medical theory, wrote the Qi-Blood-Water Medicine Effectiveness Research.2.3. Yoshimasu Nangai diagnosed disease by analyzing degree of disease, deficiency and excess, disease location, primary and secondary, dangerous or not, have or not, the main cause of disease, etc.3. Yoshimasu family specific diagnosis was based on the main clinical symptoms, attached great importance to the abdomen examination. It laid emphasis on dispel pathogen and clinical treatment mainly adopted the formula for sweat, vomit, purgation, and used medicine with a high dosage. That had been spread by their followers.Their followers are numerous, such as only adhering to the Ancient Formula School, blending the Ancient Formula School and the Later Generations’ Formula School( which mainly indicates the academic thoughts after the Song Dynasty, and also indicates the treatment except Zhang Zhongjing’s Formulas), tending to Japanese Han Medicine-Western Medicine Eclectic School. Their main academic contributions were: inherited the theory of Yoshimasu Todo and Yoshimasu Nangai, studied the Treatise on febrile disease, compiled and supplemented the formers’ works.Conclusion:Treatise on febrile disease, which was long been regarded as one of the Traditional Chinese Medicine’s classics, had a profound impact on Traditional Japanese Medicine since ancient time. It promotes forming a new branch of Traditional Japanese Medicine, the Ancient Formula School. The theories of this school were effective and suitable to Japanese conditions. Therefore, it has an important status among Traditional Japanese Medicine so far. Due to the great contributions, Yoshimasu Family has a great impact on the Ancient Formula School, even on the Traditional Japanese Medicine.In study of syndrome differentiation and treatment system, Yoshimasu family was quite creative, they have created Diseases-Du theory and Qi-Blood-Water theory. Yoshimasu Todo proposed the Diseases-Du theory, involved etiology pathology, pharmacology, etc. Yoshimasu Nangai further refined it, proposed the Qi-Blood-Water theory. In clinical treatment, Yoshimasu family started with treatment based on syndrome and kept the concept of the Relative Theory of Formulas and Syndromes, and made this concept gained popularity.In addition, their followers had inherited their syndrome differentiation and treatment system about diseases caused by exogenous evils and internal disorders and academic ideology and had got notable achievement in the study of Treatise on febrile disease theory and articles.Yoshimasu family was characteristic, coherent, systematic and comprehensive in both clinical diagnosis and treatment and theoretical study.