The Differences Of Intestinal Flora Between Type 1 Diabetes And Healthy Children

Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) is a kind of diabetes mellitus(DM), wich usually occurs in children and adolescents, and the pathology is characterized by low islet beta cell function and decreased insulin secretion. Clinical features is metabolic disorder caused by islet disfunction. Acute onset, islet beta cell function significantly decrease or even fail, and the diabetic ketosis acidosis may occur in the early stage. T1 DM has two types, autoimmune and idiopathic. The etiology of T1 DM is unknown, and seems to be linked with genetic factors, environmental factors and immune factors. New evidence shows that there are complex interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system.The interactions maintain the normal immune homeostasis in the gut and periphery. Under certain circumstances, the intestinal microbiome could lead to pathogenic immune responses and then lead to inflammation in the intestine as well as other organs. Furthermore,recent studies on genetically susceptible individuals suggested that alterations in gut bacterial communities may play a role in the mechanism of islet failure. There are studies performed in animal models of T1 DM suggested that manipulating the gut microbiome may down-regulating both the adaptive and innate immune systems which lead to protect islet from destruction. Assuming the conclusion above is right, and the gut microbes associated with the occurrence of T1 DM, then can we adjust the gut microbes by use external medicine or food, in order to reduce the occurrence of T1 DM or delay its progress. However, which exactly bacteria affect the onset of T1 DM among the various species, so far, there are few research about it. This experiment collected stool specimens of patients with T1 DM children and healthy controls, screened five species bacteria(Escherichia coli, enterococcus, lactobacillus, bacteroides, bifidobacterium), performed fluorescence quantitative PCR reaction. We hope to clear the intestinal flora characteristics of children with type 1 diabetes by comparing the two groups.Objective To analysis the differences of intestinal flora between type 1 diabetes and healthy children.Methods We collected fresh feces sample from 35 T1 DM children and 35 healthy controls, extracted and purified the DNA, performed fluorescence quantitative PCR. We record the Ct value of each sample,and compare the differences between the two groups. The data were showed as(`x±s), and analyzed with SPSS 17.0 statistical software. T test was used when comparing two independent groups. α=0.05 was choose as test level. P<0.05 was considered as significant.Results Compared with healthy controls, the decrease of bifidobacterium quantity in T1 DM children was statistically significant(P<0.05), while the differences of Escherichia coli, enterococcus, lactobacillus and bacteroides were not(P>0.05).Conclusions There is a decrease in bifidobacterium quantity in T1 DM children compare to the healthy ones, but there are not enough evidence yet to prove whether it is the cause or the result of T1 DM.