| Objective1.To evaluate the effects of children nutrition education and physical activity on their nutrition knowledge, health behavior attitude, eating behavior, overweight and obesity rate.2.To develop and make children nutrition and health education courseware for teachers, students, and parents.3.To promote the nutrition and health knowledge of students, parents, and teachers, and develop the health lifestyle of pupils.4.To study comprehensive prevention and control technology of children obesity, then explore the effective intervention pattern, so as to provide scientific basis to the effective prevention of the students’ obesity.Methods This research is randomized controlled interference experiment in school, and intervention time is one year. Intervening measures include nutrition education and physical activity. Using stratified cluster random sampling, four primary schools were chosen from Songjiang District of Shanghai, in which three schools were intervention groups, and another one was control group. A total of1015children (786in intervention group,229in control group) took part in the health education project for1year. In each school, two classes were randomly chosen from grade two to four and surveyed by questionnaire of obesity-related KAP and physical examination (including height, weight and hemoglobin). Parents and teachers were also surveyed by questionnaire.Results Basic information of intervention former:①The overweight rate and obesity rate of pupils were12.1%and12.6%respectively. The rate of overweight and obesity were10.3%,10.1%in male pupils, and8.1%,7.0%in female pupils. The overweight rate and obesity rate of the male pupils was higher than female pupils(P<0.01). The mean value of hemoglobin was133.85±9.38g/L, and anaemia rate(hemoglobin value<120g/L) was4.9%.②KAP of pupils:The correct answer rate of4questions(12questions in all) about nutrition knowledge was less than80%. The rate of eating breakfast every day was83.3%. The rate of drinking dairy every day was50.6%. The rate of eating western-sytle fast food at least once in the previous month was53.8%. The main source and most desired source of nutrition knowledge were both parents. The most popular snacks were fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy and cereal. The most popular beverages were tea, milk, fruit and vegetable juice. The pupils’ nutrition knowledge, health behavior attitude and eating behavior were positively related.③KAP of parents:The correct answer rate of3questions (12questions in all) about nutrition knowledge was less than80%. The rate of eating breakfast every day was76.0%, and84.9%parents prepared breakfasts at home for their children. The rate of drinking dairy every day was21.8%. The rate of eating western-sytle fast food at least once in the previous month was45.8%. The main source and most desired source of nutrition knowledge were both television and broadcast. The snacks prepared by parents most frequently were fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy and cereal. The beverages prepared by parents most frequently were milk, milk-containing beverage, fruit and vegetable juice. The parents’ nutrition knowledge, health behavior attitude and eating behavior were positively related, and the three parts were also positively related with pupils.④KAP of teachers:The correct answer rate of2questions (12questions in all) about nutrition knowledge was less than80%. The rate of eating breakfast every day was58.5%. The rate of drinking dairy every day was22.7%. The rate of eating western-sytle fast food at least once in the previous month was37%. The main sources of nutrition knowledge were newspapers, magazines and books; The most desired source of knowledge was specialized agent. Intervention effect evaluation:①After being intervened, the overweight rate increased0.9%and obesity rate decreased2.1%in intervention groups, but difference was not statistically significant. The mean value of hemoglobin increased by1.25g/L in intervention groups, but it decreased in control gourp; The anaemia rate of two groups both decreased, but difference was not statistically significant.②The growth rate of obesity-related knowledge, attitudes,behavior scores of primary school students, parents and teachers in intervention groups were much higher than control group. The growth rate of scores in intervention groups were8.2%,9.7%,10.0%in students,4.6%,2.6%,5.7%in parents, and8.6%,6.9%,11.0%in teachers respectively. Conclusions The pupils and parents had a universal understanding about nutrition knowledge and attitude, but they still confused on some questions.The parents had certain effect for their children on nutrition knowledge, health behavior attitude and eating behavior. Nutrition and health education and physical intervention worked effectively to improve obesity condition in primary school students, meanwhile, it improved the nutrition knowledge, health behavior attitude and eating behavior of pupils, parents and teachers.It played an active role in the prenvention and control of children obesity, but it should be continuously insisted and evaluated. |
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