Study On Prescriptions To Treat Symptoms Caused By Hypertension--based On Traditional Chinese Medicine Ancient Literature

BACKGROUNDHypertension is a common,frequently encountered and clinically troublesome disease with long period to treat, which engenders not only physical and mental pain in patients, but also a big financial burden on their families and the whole society.Hypertension treatments differ from modern medicine to Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).Symptomatic treatment adopted in the former appears poor long-term effect, and many complications like hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction,heart failure and chronic kidney disease which result in worse illness even death.Similar records on hyperpietic symptoms by doctors throughout history in China are classified into many diseases such as dizziness, headache,palpitations,insomnia, stroke and so on. Death rate of inpatients with hypertension has been droped in recent years by means of the latter or combination of them. Studies on hypertension at home focus on knowledge of causes of disease, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and application of prescriptions, while study on hypertension based on TCM ancient literature is rare. This paper fills the gap, in which heaps of literature on TCM were read to research and pay more attention to causes of hypertension, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and prescriptions application, and to provide rational use of prescriptions for clinicians reference.AIMThrough reading heaps of ancient literature on TCM with modern statistics method to sort out and arrange articles relevant to hypertension aiming to provide comprehensive ancient literature refference for prevention and treatment of hypertension, and to provide ancient literature reference on a disease study.METHODSDetermine key words with the help of my instructor;Retrieve Prescription Dictionary and Traditonal Chinese Medicine Encyclopaedia according to key words and their supplementation; Arrange the articles retrieved to establish database Analyse the articles with Microsoft ExcelResults722pieces of ancient prescriptions,199cases,444kinds of herbs are included in the database with10624times application of herbs according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the444kinds the first100kinds are used8815times,82.97%in total. Analysis has proved that herbs to treat hypertension applied by ancient doctors are mainly those with main actions of tonic,diaphoretic, resolving phlegm, relieving cough and asthma, removing pathogenic heat, calming liver to stop endogenous wind,eliminating dampness,tranquilizing, regulating Qi flow, invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis and dispelling internal cold, among which 66kinds are proven to lower blood pressure effectively, like tonic drugs(Ophiopogonjaponicus (Thunb.)Ker-Gawl.、Dendrobium nobileLindl.、Ligustrum lucidum、Trionyx sinensis、Angelica sinensis、Paeonia sterniana Fletcher in Journ.、Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.、Lycium barbarum L.、Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.、Semen Astragali Complanati、Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae、Eucommia ulmoides Oliver、Leguminosae);diaphoretic drugs(Flos Chrysanthemi、 Asarum sieboldi、Herbal Ephedrae、Mentha canadensis L.、Bupleurm chinense DC、Vitex trifolia L. Var.、Folium Mori、Lobed Kudzuvine Root、Perilla frutescens L); drugs resolving phlegm, relieving cough and asthma(Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.、Morus alba L.、Padix Angelicae Decursivae), drugs removing pathogenic heat(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi、Coptis chinensis Franch.、Paeonia suffruticosaAndr.、Paeonia lactiflora Pall.、Rhizoma Anemarrhenae、 Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.、Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis、Spica Prunellae); drugs calming liver to stop endogenous wind(Gastrodia elataf.elata、Haliotis gigantea discns Reeve、 Saiga tatarica L.、Beauveria bassiana(Bals.) Vuill.、Scorpio、Concha Ostreae、Pteria martensii (Dunker)、CryptotympanaaTCMLIBataFabricius、spinacia oleracea l.、Uncaria tomentosa);drugs invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis(Rhizoma Chuanxiong、 Achyranthes bidentata、Carthamus tinctoriusL.、wulingzhic acid、Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge); drugs tranquilizing(Z.vulgaris Lam.var.spinosa Bunge、Radix Polygalae);drugs dispelling internal cold(Cinnamomum cassia、aconitum carmichaeli debx.、Zingiber officinale Rosc.、 Syzygium aromaticum);drugs eliminating endogenous wind and dampness(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.、Aristolochia fangchi Y.C.、Agkisrrodon acutus (Guenther)、Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor));astringents(Cornus officinalis、Nelumbo nucifera Gaerth.、Schisandra chinensls (Turcz) Baill.); purgating drug (R.palmatum); diuretics for eliminating dampness (Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn.);toxic insecticidal antipruritic drugs (Alunite).Those also act in presicripions like Rehmannia glutinosa、Colla Corii Asini、Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam、 Glycyrrhiza uralensisFisch.、Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae、Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf、 Moschus moschiferus L、Blumea balsami fera(L.)DC.、Calculus bovisand so on.Tonic drugs, reaching78.3%among herbs above, act mainly on the kidney,liver, lung and spleen channel, in which tonifying qi drugs are the predominance, up to50.0%.ConclusionArtiles arranged and analysed are proven that causes of hypertension include constitutional factors, internal impairment due to seven emotions, improper diet etc; that pathogenesis are mainly deficiency symdrome on ben (root:imbalance of liver and kidney yin, yang) and lower body(relative predomination of the liver yang due to relative decline of the kidney yin failing to nourish liver), excess syndrome on biao (branch:wind, fire, phlegm, rheum and blood stasis) and upper body(qi and blood flow dysfunctionally to upper body due to qi depression transforming into excessive liver fire); and that viscera impaired are mainly the liver and kidney, the lung, spleen and heart are affected only at the margins. Prescripions analysed in the database lead to conclude that the therapeutic principles to treat hypertension in ancient literature are to nourish deficiency, to eliminate excess, and to balance yin and yang; the major theories are to calm the liver and suppress yang, to promote blood circulation for removing blood stasis, to reduce phlegm, to warm yang for diuresis, to nourish kidney yin,and to Invigorate qi and promote blood circulation with syndrome differentiation of terating biao in emergency and the root cause in mild cases.