Expression And Significance Of Nodal Protein In Prostate Carcinoma

Research background:Prostate cancer is male urinary reproductive system in the common of malignant tumors, in Europe national prostate cancer of incidence has over lung cancer, gastric cancer, big colorectal cancer, became against male health of first malignant tumors, as my population ageing and the diet structure Western of, prostate cancer diagnosis technology of development, prostate cancer of incidence and the mortality is yearly rose of trend, clinical Shang prostate cancer of treatment to radical sexual prostate resection mainly, auxiliary to endocrine treatment and the radiotherapy of integrated treatment programme, Survival rate and prognosis of patients with no apparent improvement. Looking for a new target for drug therapy and markers of early diagnosis is very important. Tumor stem cell theory of development for tumor of diagnosis and the treatment provides has new of views and the ideas, malignant tumors of local relapse, infiltration sexual growth, distance transfer and stem cell features life similar, tumor cell in the also exists similar Yu stem cell features of cell that tumor stem cell, stem cell micro-environment is stem cell played normal features of places, on its multidirectional differentiation and self update of balance has very important of role. Abnormal changes of stem cell microenvironment induced mutation of normal stem cells into cancer stem cells, in order to develop tumors. Studies have shown that influence embryonic microenvironment on tumor development and has similarities to embryonic stem cells, some signaling molecules in the embryo and stem cell microenvironment or signal transduction pathways can also regulate cancer cell growth and development. In embryonic development and play an important role in the regulation of stem cell differentiation of Nodal signaling pathway may affect the growth of tumor cells. Nodal is one of the members of the TGF-β superfamily of proteins is an important effect of embryos formed, played an important role in the development of embryonic stem cells, its signal pathway in regulation during embryonic development in the induction of endoderm and in embryonic development role of left-right asymmetry, and participated in the axis of neuroectodermal differentiation is an important factor for maintaining human embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Currently several studies found that Nodal proteins in melanoma, breast cancer, bladder cancer, endometrial cancer and other tumor exists in the expression, activating Nodal pathway could promote tumor growth, and closely associated with proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor, its expression in prostate cancer and its mechanism is still unclear. This experiment by detecting expression of Nodal proteins in prostate cancer, exploring whether Nodal protein correlation with the currence and development of prostate cancer, prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy for atherothrombosis provides clinical guidance.Objective:Observation of embryos forming Nodal during normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia and expression in prostate cancer, and explores its significance. Preliminary study on Nodal proteins and the development of prostate cancer, and Nodal proteins in prostate cancer early diagnosis, treatment and prognostic value of research.Methods: 1、Collection Jingzhou downtown hospital October2011to October2013surgery in the resection of prostate cancer organization40cases, all cases are after disease seized confirmed for prostate cancer, pursuant to2004amendment of Gleason scoring system for pathology staging:high differentiation10cases, in the differentiation15cases, low differentiation15cases, TMN clinical staging:T1-T2period28cases, T3-T4period12cases, surgery Qian are is not accept put chemotherapy and the endocrine treatment, and has full of pathology and the clinical information,30cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate section5cases (diagnosed by checking for normal prostate benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal prostate tissues obtained by in Transurethral resection of bladder tumor patients).2、Immuno-Histochemical staining methods for group testing group for prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and Nodal proteins in normal prostate tissue expression and application of statistical method to analyze the Nodal protein expression with the occurrence and development of prostate cancer and the intrinsic relationship between clinical stage and pathological grade3、Statistical analysis using the spss13.0software, usingx2test to determine expression of Nodal representation in each group differences between groups, and P<0.05represents a statistically significant difference.4、10%formalin-fixed specimens have been ordinary paraffin-embedded,4μ m continuous slices. Paraffin wax, hydrated after removal of endogenous peroxidase and Antigen retrieval, enclosing slice sheep serum, anti-incubate overnight after dropping a, secondary antibody markers, DAB color rendering, hematoxylin dye complex, xylene and rhamsan gum cover letter.5, Pathology test results from two different hospital pathologists carried out without knowing the clinical information analysis of coloring pictures Criteria for the identification of the results:positive expression occurs within the cytoplasmic Brown particles, significantly higher background staining. Under100times at low magnification, select clear representation of regional, then select positive cells in a400times times at high magnification with more positive cell count the5vision, semiquantitative method, namely positive cell count (a) with the staining intensity (b) product evaluation. Take positive cell number about100a,1) count standard:no positive cell meter o points, positive cell number≤10%meter1points,11-50%meter2points,51%～75%points,≥75%meter4points;2) dyeing strength is divided into pale yellow, brown yellow, Brown Brown three a grade, followed by scoring1～3points, negative for into plot points for0who, child to into plot points>1can judgment for positive, which positive in the:1～2points,3-4points,>4points, followed by found for weak positive (+), positive (++) And the strongly positive (+++). Control is known to be strongly positive slice of endometrial Carcinoma, an antibody negative control replaced by PBS.Result:1、Normal prostate organization is not see Nodal protein expression, expression rate for0%(zero-fifth); benign prostate hyperplasia organization in the is part positive expression, expression rate for33%(ten-thirtieths), expression parts is located in hyperplasia active of epithelial cell, prostate cancer tumor organization are positive expression, positive expression pathology dyeing performance for cell cell pulp within brown yellow of positive dyeing particles, and its expression rate reached100%,(forty-fortieths), as pathology ratings and the clinical staging gradually increased, Cytoplasmic staining granules gradually strengthened until brown, indicating strong Nodal proteins expressed at low levels of differentiation and clinical stages of late prostate carcinoma.2、Nodal protein expression in human prostate carcinoma with the increase in increase of pathologic grade and clinical stage was positively related to change:G3-4> G2> G1(p<0.05), T3-T4>T-T2(p<0.05).Conclusion:1、Noda protein over expression in prostate cancer tissue, partial-positive expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue, not detected in normal prostate tissue expression of Nodal, three groups of expressing difference statistically significant (P<0.05).2、Pathologic grade and clinical stage of prostate cancer and the correlation between Nodal protein expression were positively, pathologic grade and clinical stage, the higher the stronger the Nodal protein expression, hints of cells forming Nodal protein may play a role in prostate cancer incidence, progression. Could become a prostate cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation of new molecular markers.