Effects Of Hydrogen Rich Saline On Global Cerebral Ischemia And Reperfusion Triggers Inflammatory Response And Cognitive Deficits In The Rat

Background and ObjectiveWhen the blood flow to the brain is occluded and if not reversed timely, reflowwill cause the brain ischemia and reperfusion damage to aggretive the brain issueinjure.This phenomenon is commonly seen in stroke, cardiac arrest, cardiac surgeryand so on, influencing the prognosis of patients and increasing their hospitalstays.The current study provides oxidative damage, calcium overload, inflammation,mitochondria damage and excitatory amino acid are major causes of brain ischemicreperfusion damage. These factors interact with each other and cause brain tissuedamage together.Hydrogen is the most abundant natural chemical element and has beenconsidered as a inert gas. With the improvement of laboratory technique and testmethod, its role in medical domain has arose more and more attention..Hydrogen hasbeen proven to has the nerve protective effect by antioxidant, anti-inflammation,anti-apoptosis and strengthening the synaptic plasticity. In our present study, our aimis to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen rich saline oninflammation responace and cognitive impairment induced by transient globalcerebral ischemia. This study contribute to provide much more date for puttinghydrogen-rich saline into a new drug about the treatments of brain ischemia and reperfusionMethodsBilateral common carotid artery occlusion (Bccao) rat model was used toproduce15-minute transient global cerebral ischemia. Forth-five male SD rats wererandomly divided into Sham surgery (Sham group n=15), Bccao withouthydrogen-rich saline(Bccao group n=15), and Bccao treated with hydrogen-richsaline (Bccao+HRS group n=15). Intraperitoneal injection o f hydrogen rich salinewas performed immediately when the clips were carefully removed to restore theblood flow. Cognitive function of rats was evaluated via Morris water maze. Neuronaldamage in the CA1region was quantified according to their morphological changesrevealed by hematoxylin–eosin staining and Nissel staining. The concentration of TNF-a、IL-1β were measured in the way of ELISA and the positive cell count inNF-κB was measured in the way of immunohistochemical staining to investigate theeffects of intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen rich saline on inflammation response.Results1.Morris water maze test: In peri-operative place navigation test, escape latencygradually decreased during the five consecutive training days and there was nosignificantly differences among three groups in the same time(p>0.05). During theprobetrial, the percent time spent in target quadrant in group Bccao+HRS and groupBccao decreased significantly when compared with group Sham on1day afterischemia reperfusion, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). the percenttime spent in target quadrant decreased significantly in group Bccao, the differencewas statistically significant when compared with group Bccao+HRS on1day afterischemia repurfusion (p<0.05). the percent time spent in target quadrant was nosignificantly different in group Bccao+HRS when compared with group Sham on3day after ischemia reperfusion (p>0.05). The percent time spent in target quadrantwas significantly different in group Bccao when compared with group Sham on3dayafter ischemia reperfusion(p<0.05).2. Hippocampus TNF-a、IL-1-β were measured by ELISA: Compared with groupSham, the concentration of TNF-a and IL-1β were significantly different in groupBccao on24h after surgery and the concentration of TNF-a was also significantlydifferent in group Bccao+HRS (p<0.05). The concentration of TNF-a and IL-1β wasno significantly different in group Bccao+HRS when compared with group Sham on24h after surgery (p>0.05).3. The positive cell count of NF-κB: Compared with group Bccao, the positivecell count of NF-κB was decreased in group Bccao+HRS (p<0.05).The positive cellcount of NF-κB was significantly different in group Bccao and group Bccao+HRSwhen compared with group Sham(p<0.05).4. Morphological changes of pyramidal cells in CA1: The number of pyramidalcells in CA1was decreased in group Bccao+HRS when compared with group Bccao(p<0.05).ConclusionIntraperitoneal injection of hydrogen rich saline could attenuate cognitiveimpairment in the ischemic rats. This protection is associated with inhibition ofinflammation responce and decreased neuronal death in CA1region.