Studies On The Water-soluble Bioactive Macromolecules From Lentinus. Edodes And Camellia Sinensis L

Among common food, because of their high pharmacological activities, Lentinusedodes and tea were famous. This article studied on water-soluble macromoleculeswith high value of them.First of all, methods of multiple column chromatography and ethanol fractionalprecipitation were adopted to prepare different fractions of polysaccharides fromLentinus. edodes, respectively. Three homogenous lentinan were obtained, named asLPS-2-1(122.60KDa), LPS-3-2(77.83KDa) and LPS-3-3(57.40KDa). They wereall mainly composed of glucose, with antioxidant activities and stable three spiralstructure. The results showed that the antioxidant activities of purifiedpolysaccharides increased with the decrease of molecular weight, better solubility andsmaller particle size. Propeties of polysaccharides fractions LPS-30and LPS-80were in accordance with all the properties of LPS, and their antioxidant activities werealso related to molecular weight, distribution of particle size and solubility. Inaddition, lentinan was tested to have little anti-bacteriostatic activity, and LPS hadbroad-spectrum antibacterial activities, while LPS-30had broad-spectrum antifungalactivities in vitro. After purification, LPS-80was divided to LPS-80-1and LPS-80-2,the molecular weights of them were78.13KD and33.20KDa, respectively.Secondly, an effective extracting method of protein from Lentinus. edodes wasestablished and alkali soluble protein LPR-3was obtained, which was a kind of proteinwith high antioxidant and antidiabete activities, its inhibition on-amylase was2times higher than protein extracted by traditional methods. By using ion exchangecolumn chromatography and Sephadex column chromatography, uniform proteinLPR-3-1-1and LPR-3-1-2were obtained, and their purity was verified by SDS-pagemethod. In addition, in the hierarchical extraction, salt soluble protein LPR-2also hadgood antioxidant activities and high protein content, which might be anotherimportant protein from the mushroom.In addition, the extraction method of protein from tea was optimized by RSM, theoptimal extraction conditions were extraction time of85min, extraction temperatureof80℃and alkali concentration of0.15M. Under the optimized conditions, greentea, oolong tea and black tea were extracted for their protein, named as GTP, OTP and BTP, which were then compared. Results showed that yield of BTP was the highest;the highest protein content, about52.76%was in OTP. Three kinds of tea protein allexhibited good antioxidant activities, oolong tea protein OTP was the best, whichmight be a kind of potential antioxidant. Three kinds of tea proteins displayeddifferently in functional properties studies. The performances of OTP were bestbecause of its highest protein contents. Furthermore, a new method of preparing teaactive protein was obtained, which had obvious advantages compared with that oftraditional method.The relationships between antioxidant activities and structure of polysaccharidesfrom Lentinus. edodes were discussed in this study. The molecular weights, as well asdistribution of molecular size and solubility of polysaccharides had impact effects onthe bioactivities. Protein from Lentinus. edodes had good biological activities andneed to be further studied. In addition, tea protein has good antioxidant activities andfunctional properties, which might be a candidate for antioxidant and food additives.