The Effect Of Dietary Pattern And Fatty Acids Composition On Serum Lipids Levels In6to18Years Old Children And Adolescents

Objective To investigate and analyzing the condition of dietary intakes by children andadolescents aged from6to18. Discussing the effect of dietary fat and fatty acids composition(saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated fatty acids: polyunsaturated fatty acids,SFA:MUFA:PUFA,S:M:P) on the serum lipids levels. So as to provide a theoretical basis forearly prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases, recognize the nutritional value of fatcorrectly, reasonable adjustments to the dietary pattern and guidance of nutritional care.Methods A multi-stage random sampling was used to select children and adolescentsaged6to18in Ningxia. To investigate the general information with questionnaire byself-devised. All foods intakes were investigated by food frequency questionnaire combinewith24-hour dietary recall and weighing method. Counting the lever and the averageproportion of nutrient intakes everyday, the value of SFA:MUFA:PUFA and n-6PUFA/n-3PUFAwere also calculated. To evaluate the nutrient intake status of the objects. Meanwhileinvestigateng the level of serum TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C.Results (1) A total of560children and adolescents aged6to18was investigated, finallythe objects who were accepted and had the completed data record was554, Qingtongxia289people was investigated, Haiyuan County265people was investigated;288cases were theHan nationality,265cases were the Hui nationality,1case was the Moggol nationality;288cases were male,266cases were female; the average age was (12.63±3.72)years old.(2) The energy and nutriment that the object intake is: energy(1576.81±301.43)kcal/d,carbohydrate (219.40±43.59)g/d, protein(55.63±14.02)g/d, fat(56.09±12.09)g/d, cholesterol(98.26±44.58)mg/d, dietary fiber(13.98±3.17)g/d. The constitute ration of fatty acids: SFA:MUFA:PUFA is about1:1.2:1.4, n-6PUFA:n-3PUFA is about1.8:1.(3) The levels of serum lipids in objects are respectively, TG1.07±0.49(mmol/L), the TC3.38±0.70(mmol/L), HDL-C1.31±0.36(mmol/L), LDL-C2.04±1.15(mmol/L).210casesare diagnosed with dyslipidemia with the detection rate is37.91%, Han nationality is33.33%,Hui nationality is43.01%.(4) Positive correlations exist in: composing ration of carbohydrate-provide energy, HDL-Cand LDL-C(P＜0.05); the SFA intake of the amount and TC(P＜0.05); the composing rationof SFA-provide energy, TC and LDL-C(P＜0.05); the composing ration of n-3PUFA-provideand HDL-C(P＜0.05). Negative correlations exist in: Dietary total energy, HDL-C andLDL-C(P＜0.05); HDL-C, LDL-C, the amount and composing ration of protein-provide (P＜0.05); the fat intake of the amount, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C(P＜0.05); composing ration offat-provide energy, TC and LDL-C(P＜0.05); the cholesterol intake of the amount andHDL-C(P＜0.01); dietary total fatty acids,TC, HDL-C and LDL-C(P＜0.01); the SFA intakeof the amount and HDL-C(P＜0.01); the MUFA intake of the amount, TC and LDL-C(P＜0.05); HDL-C, LDL-C, the PUFA intake of the amount and composing ration ofPUFA-provide(P＜0.05); HDL-C, LDL-C, the n-6PUFA intake of the amount and thecomposing ration of n-6PUFA-provide energy(P＜0.01); TC, LDL-C and n-3PUFA intake ofthe amount(P＜0.05); n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA, HDL-C and LDL-C(P＜0.01)。(5) When SFA account for about4.87%of total energy, it can significantly increase HDL-C(P＜0.001),and when it account for about6.27%of total energy, it increase the role of TC andLDL-C was significant(P＜0.001); When MUFA provide about11.17%of total energy, it cansignificantly lower the TG, and increased the HDL-C(P＜0.001); When PUFA account forabout9.27%of total energy, it can significantly lower TG(P＜0.05) and increased HDL-C(P＜0.001), and when it provide about12.36%of total energy, it can significantly lower TC(P＜0.05) and LDL-C(P＜0.001).(6) When fat account for about more than20percent to30percent of total energy, SFA:MUFA:PUFA is about1:1.4:1.7,TG is lowest while HDL-C is the highest level (P<0.001).When fat account for about more than30percent to45percent of total energy,SFA:MUFA:PUFA was about1:0.8:1.2, TC and LDL-C are the lowest level(P＜0.001).n-6PUFA:n-3PUFA is about2.47:1, the LDL-C is the lowest level(P＜0.001). n-6PUFA:n-3PUFA is about1.67:1, the HDL-C is the highest(P＜0.001), while TG is relatively lower(P＜0.05).Conclusion (1)The research shows that total energy, protein intakes, carbohydrate-provideenergy are lower and fat-provide energy are higher comparing with China recommendeddietary nutrients intake.(2) Compared with China recommended dietary fat, the SFA intake is relatively less whileMUFA and PUFA intake are more, and the value of n-6PUFA:n-3PUFA is lower.(3) Increaseing MUFA and n-3PUFA can maintain the objects with lower serum lipids levelswhen fat account for about more than20percent to30percent of total energy.