Research On Monitoring And Comprehensive Control Technology Of Phenacocus Solenopsis Tinsley In Suzhou

Phenacocus solenopsis Tinsley is an highly invasive pest, belongs to Phenacoccus Cockerel, Phenacoccinae, Pseudococcidae, Coccoidea, Hemiptera. It is widely distributed around agricultural ecosystem, cause severe damage in cash crops and ornamental plants, such as cotton and vegetables, which lead to obvious economic loss and ecological disaster in 24 coutries. In order to further understanding of P. solenopsis, this study clealy indicated biological and ecological characteristic of P. solenopsis in Suzhou, analysed its potential geographic distribution, established genetic testing technology, and chemical control study was carried out, which provided theory evidence for the effective control of P. solenopsis. Research contents and results are as follows:1. Studies on the biological and ecological characteristic. This study understood the biological characteristics of P. solenopsis clearly: 9 genarations one year, severe overlapping, sexual dimorphism and facultative parthenogenesis. P. solenopsis begun to appear at the end of May, the prevalent period was between July and September. After October, the amount of P. solenopsis begun to decrease, P. solenopsis overwintered in litter and soil in November. Mean developmental periods of eggs, first, second and third instars were 1.4d, 5.1d, 3.7d, 4.3d. We found 4 species of natural enemies, of which Aenasius barnbawalei was an endoparasitoid of P. solenopsis.2. Studies on potential geographic distribution and risk analysis. The potential suitable area of P. solenopsis in Suzhou was very widely, of which Gusu, Industrial Park,Gaoxin, Xiangcheng,Wuzhong,Wujiang,Taicang and Kunshan district included. By calculating we obtained that the comprehensive risk rank of the pest was 2.40, which was highly dangerous. This study proposed some management measures, for example enhancement of monitoring, strict quarantine and so on.3. Studies on specimen preservation, DNA extraction and primer screening. The preservation of adults stored in 100% ethanol at-20 ℃ was suitable for Pseudococcidae specimen long time preservation, and the DNA samples obtained from such specimen were suitable for PCR amplification and sequencing. The CTAB method was better for the fresh adults of Pseudococcidae, the magnetic beads method was better for adults of Pseudococcidae stored for a long time, especially for samples of serious DNA degradation.To find which primers were suitable for scale insects, we compared the three pair primers of Pco F1/LepR1, J1718/N2191 and T3014/C2183, which indicated that primers of Pco F1/Lep R1 achieved the best result, next was primers of J1718/N2191, primers of T3014/C2183 were the worst. Results using nested primers were better than single round PCR amplification. Study on the PCR amplification system showed PCR amplification system of 50μL can obtain higher quality DNA than that of 25μL.4. Studies on barcode-detecting techniques of P. solenopsis. To conform whether this COⅠgene could be used as identification of P. solenopsis and its similar species, this study evaluated the gene sequences from genetic distance, NJ(Neighbor-joining) method and barcoding estimation. Results showed that the COⅠgene completely accorded with the inspection standards of effectiveness as DNA barcodes, and could achieve the purpose of identification. We initially established barcode-detecting techniques of P. solenopsis with abtained genes, which can draw on the experience of rapid identification of P. solenopsis and its similar species.5. Studies on chemical control. In order to seek effective chemicals for P. solenopsis, the lethal effect of 6 chemical insecticides was assayed to test field efficiency. Results showed 4 chemicals of 20% of acetamiprid, 22% of sulfoxaflor, 20% of pyriproxyfen and 22.4% of spirotetramat applied ideal efficiency. Practically, the control efficiency of 20% of acetamiprid and 22% of sulfoxaflor was up to 100% for adults and instars with better quick-acting property and durability, which were recommended to be used as alternative chemicals forspray and treatment to P. solenopsis.