Nutrition And Fertilizing Schedules Study On Tomato Cultivation Substrate With The Growth-bag In Solar Greenhouse

With the test materials of the’DF09’tomato cultivar and the nutrient substrate composed of cow dung, crop residue and slag furfural, which was developed by our team, study on the nutrition effect of basic fertilizer of tomato substrate growth-bag, fertilizing schedules of full element fertilizers, and N & K fertilizing schedules of tomato cultivated with the growth-bag based on nutrition need in the different growth stages were conducted. We definitude the best fertilization schedule of tomato substrate growth-bag in solar greenhouse through studying the nutrition characteristic of basic fertilizer, comprehensive analysis of plant growth, yield, quality and nutrient utilization efficiency, which provided the theoretical and technical guidance for standard development of tomato cultivation with nutrient substrate growth-bag in solar greenhouse. Main results as follows:1. The nutrition effect of basic fertilizer of tomato cultivation with substrate growth-bag in solar greenhouseOn 50 days after transplanting, plants showed the slight element deficiency symptom, on 65days, the deficiency symptom became worse with a thin and weak plant, color light leaf, slim stem. On the one hand, during the tomato growth period of 65 days, the substrate EC and content of total nitrogen showed the change tendency of first increase, then decrease of which, the change peak was on 20 days after transplanting. On 50 days later, declined tendency was slower, on 65 days EC and total N content decreased by35.8% and 12.1% compared with 20days. Besides, the available N and efficient K of substrate had been declining after transplanting, on 50 days, which declined tendency became slower, on 65 days, available N and efficient K of substrate decreased by 26.4% and 51.8% compared with the transplanting beginning. In addition, during the growth period of 50 days, total K content of substrate decreased less, after 50 days, which decreased rapidly and reached 19.4% compared to the beginnings. But total P and available P content had no significant change.Therefore, we suggested that the optimal time of fertilizing was after 45 days of transplanting with less than 1.66 mS/cm of substrate EC for tomato with substrate growth-bag.2. Fertilizing schedules of full element fertilizers of tomato with substrate growth-bag in solar greenhouseThe effects of four total element fertilizing schedules (empirical fertilization(CK), standard fertilization(Fl),20% less than the standard fertilization (F2) and 20% higher than the standard fertilization(F3)) on the growth of tomato showed that plants of F2 treatment grew strongly, plants of treatments F1 and F3 grew slowly; the yield of treatment F2 was the highest, increased 20.5%,36.3% and 19.8% compared to CK,F3 and F1,respectively.The soluble sugar content and organic acid content of CK were the highest, ratio of sugar and acid of F1 was the highest, the highest vitamin C content was CK. The highest nutrient utilization of N, K was F2, increased by 53.4%,1.7% and 10.1% compared to CK, F1 and F3, respectively. Compared to CK, F1 and F3, nutrient utilization of K increased by 26.6%,8.2% and 26.6%, respectively. Through principal component regression analysis we got the regression equation of each treatment N, P and K fertilization amount and tomato yield, then found the effect of N fertilization amount was the largest, K follows.In conclusion, treatment F2 was the best fertilizing schedule. But during the growth period, the P utilization efficiency was the lowest, and there was no significant correlation between the amount of P application and tomato fruit yield, we inferred that P of the tomato with substrate growth-bag could meet the demand of plant growth without addition.3. Fertilizing schedules of N and K fertilizers of tomato with substrate growth-bag in solar greenhouseThe influence of three kinds of N & K fertilizers’ fertilization treatments (standard fertilization M(N+K),20% less than the standard fertilization L(N+K) and higher than the standard fertilization H(N+K)) on the growth of tomato cultivated with substrate growth-bag was studied, the results showed that plants of treatment M(N+K) grew strongly, the yield was the highest reaching 3283g per plant which increased by 48.8%,19.6% and 33.3% compared to CK, L(N+K)and H(N+K), respectively. The soluble sugar content of L(N+K) was the highest. Vitamin C and organic acid content of M(N+K) were the highest, the highest nutrient utilization of N, K was M(N+K). Nutrient N utilization increased by 4.1%,38.4% and 81.6% compared to CK, Fl and F3, respectively, nutrient utilization of K increased by 14.9%,36.1% and 78.1%, compared to L(N+K), CK and H(N+K) respectively.Conclusion: In our experiment suitable fertilizing time is on 45 days after tomato transplanting cultivated by the growth-bag with less than 1.66 mS/cm of substrate EC. Treatment M (N+K) was the best fertilizing schedule (seedling:urea 1.0g per plant per 7d, strains potassium 1.0g per plant per 7d; flowering and fruit setting period:1.2g per plant per 7d, strains potassium 1.5g per plant per 7d; harvest:urea 1.5g per plant per 5d, strains potassium 1.8g per plant per 5d).