Soil Micromorphological Characteristics Research On Ancient Agriculture In Yangshao Cultural Relics

Paleosol micromorphological analysis is an important mean to obtain information of ancient human activities in cultural site. To reflect ancient human activities and paleoenvironment by interpreting the paleosol micromorphological features become a research hotspot both at home and abroad. This studies’ object is natural profile and cultural profile in Yangshao culture sites and the profile in different ancient land use area. The natural profile and cultural profile were collected every10 cm, stratified sampling of the profile in different ancient land use area. On the basis of age, reconstruct the Holocene climate change process and analyze the characteristics of the ancient human activities through analyze soil micromorphology characteristics and other soil characteristics such as pollen, phytoliths, charcoal and phosphorus element, the specific results are as follows:(1) Soil micromorphological characteristics of YS-13-01-01 ~ YS-13-01-05( 0 ~54000a B.P.) display: climate change trend is warm- cold wave- warm- warm stable cold wave, which in the natural climate confirms the historical facts of Yangshao culture by the rise- development- prosperity – decline.(2) YS-13-01-02 can be found particle distribution is tend to directional arrangement through the microscope; Small particles and very uniform, the particle size distribution range is small and the sorting is very good; The clay was amorphous Fe different percentages of stained yellow brown- Brown- Brown- red brown, this presumably because the ancient water action.(3) Yangshao ancestor pottery making technology is some rough, it’s often mixed with impurities. YS-15-D-09( Red pottery in protect house), YS-15-D-10( Black pottery in protect house), It’s surface is uneven, the pore fissure more,texture is not uniform, containing a variety of granular objects through SEM, and almost all of the ingredients contain Si elements, O elements and a small amount of clay mineral composition through EDS. Comparison of the red pottery and the black pottery we can found: the red pottery ingredients contain Fe elements; The black pottery impurities relatively little comparing the red one, and it’s ceramics craft a little more delicate with soil micromorphological analysis.(4) Also observed some potsherds are consciously in the process of making doped with a small amount of sand, changing clay molding performance and product of thermal shock resistance. These effects of sand, equivalent to the modern ceramics industry using "grog". That is to say, the ancients was on the performance of raw materials have certain understanding.(5) Burned bone is gray white, with a high birefringence, it’s burning temperature of >500℃.