Study On Fertilization With Fertilizer Applicator And Utilization Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid In Drought Apple Orchard

The arid area of northern Wei River in Shaanxi province is the most optimal production area in China, while low utilization efficiency of fertilizers resulting from drought have became a main restriction factor of production. In the present study, we researched the effect of fertilization by fertilizer applicator and PGA synergist on Red Fuji plant which growed in Luochuan, Shaanxi province, and using grower traditional fertilization method and amount as control. Subsequently, we analyzed the application effect and obtained the following results:1. Both Fertilization by fertilizer applicator and "Fertilization by fertilizer applicator +substrate" increased the apple leaf area, leaf quality, the number of roots and the proportion of short shoot while reduced the proportion of long sticks and the sucker-growth.2. Fertilization by fertilizer applicator and "Fertilization by fertilizer applicator +substrate" treatments increased the production of fruits significantly. In the experiment of fertilization by fertilizer applicator, treatment with fertilizing amount and reduce 1/3 of fertilizer amount, the fruit yield increased by 32.9% and 9.52%, respectively, compared to CK. Whereas, reduce 2/3 of fertilizer rate the yield was decreased by 9.5%. In the experiment "Fertilization by fertilizer applicator +substrate", treatment with fertilizing amount and reduce 1/3 of fertilizer amount compared to the CK fruit yield increased by 11.56% and 9.7%, respectively, reduce 2/3 of fertilizer rate the yield was decreased by 4.4%.3. Fertilization by fertilizer applicator and "Fertilization by fertilizer applicator +substrate" treatments both increased the fruit weight, fruit shape index, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble sugar and vitamin C content, but the fruit firmness was decreased. In the treatment of fertilization by fertilizer applicator, reduced 1/3 of fertilizer had no obvious effect on the quality, reduced 2/3 fertilizer rate made the titratable acidity and soluble solids declining. In the treatment of "Fertilization by fertilizer applicator +substrate", when using 1/3 reduced and 2/3 reduced fertilizer amount, still no obvious effect on fruit quality was found. Taken together, Fertilization by fertilizer applicator could be reduced 1/3, and "Fertilization by fertilizer applicator +substrate" could be reduced 2/3, because two methods had no effect on yield and quality of apple.4. In the full-bloom stage and fruit enlargement period of Red Fuji plant, we fertilized with different concentration PGA solution(50-200 mg/L) by root-irrigation, then we found the apple leaf area, quality, chlorophyll content, production were increased significantly, and the fruit weight, fruit firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity and soluble sugar content were increased as well. Especially, the treatment with 200 mg/L PGA(A1) solution, fruit soluble solids, titratable acidity and soluble sugar content increased extremely significantly, and the content of vitamin C increased significantly. In conclusion, the best concentration for PGA was 50 mg/L to improve yield and the best concentration for PGA was 200 mg/L to improve fruit quality in Luochuan, Shaanxi province.