Effects Of Long-Term Located Fertilization On Soil Physicochemical Properties,Micro Organism And Yield And Quality Of Tomato

Soil physical-chemical properties, soil microbe, tomato yield and quality will be effected by long term combining application chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer. This study chooses 10 fertilizing treatments, including:CK(no fertilizer), organic fertilizers(ANO), nitrogen fertilizer(BN1), phosphate fertilizer(BP), potash fertilizer(BK) and their combined application (ANPK, AN1,AP and AK). These treatments are used to probe into the effect of different fertilizer combined application on soil and tomato, this result may take a scientific and available fertilizing theory basis and provide data support for soil improvement. The main results show as follows:1. Effects are significant on soil physical and chemical properties by combining application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The detailed performances are:ANPK is able to significantly improve the content of SOM and available K, decrease the soil electrical conductivity, avoid the dropping of soil pH and available P content and keep a high level of available N. Soil pH will be decreased by only applying nitrogen fertilizer, that soil acidification can be relieved by supplying manure fertilization, in contrast, the content of available N increased. SOM level will be improved by long-term supplying phosphate fertilizer. Supplying potassium fertilizer can increase the content of soil available potassium, but soil electrical conductivity is also significantly increased which means soil prone to salinization.2 The variance of soil microorganisms is significant under the conditions of long-term NPK fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can improve soil bacteria and actinomycetes significantly, phosphate fertilizer can significantly increase the number of bacteria, potassium fertilizer can significantly increase the number of actinomycetes, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can significantly increase the number of fungi. On the conditions of long-term NPK fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer, soil urease, catalase, invertase and protease activity are promoted significantly. Activity of soil urease and catalase can be promoted by supplying nitrogen fertilizer, and invertase and protease are phosphate fertilizer. Average Well Color Development (AWCD) is conspicuously increased by combining application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and under the condition of phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer supplying individually, AWCD values increased larger than only nitrogen fertilizer remarkably. Inorganic fertilizer application organic fertilizer can also significantly increase the Simpson index, McIntosh index and Shannon index, indicating that the organic fertilizer can significantly increase the activity of microorganisms and improve the advantages of microbial species, richness and evenness. Microbial activity and diversity are different because of utilization of microbial carbon source is different which is affected by difference of fertilizer treatments. Long-term fertilization research shows that main carbon sources used by microorganism are:amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids and polymers.3. Significant variance is found in tomato yield and quality for long-term fertilization, treatment are differences, the N, P and K fertilizer application organic fertilizer can significantly increase the tomato yield and quality, it will cause a decrease in the tomato production for long-term supplying inorganic fertilizer solely, potentially because of the deterioration of soil quality. Nitrogen fertilizer has larger effect on tomato yield, compared with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Especially, combined with organic fertilizer. The concentration of soluble sugar (SS) is increased by supplying phosphorus fertilizer, and vitamin C and soluble solids content (TSS) are Potassium fertilizer.4. Correlations of soil physicochemical properties, microorganism and tomato yield and quality show that different fertilization treatments has changed the soil microbial quantity and community structure and activity, which lead to the soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient changed, then, affects the nutrients uptaking, eventually makes a change of tomato yield and quality.