Biomass And Diversity Of Shrubs And Herbs Under Three Type Different Canopy Forests In Jingouling Forestry Station

This paper takes natural spruce fir forest、birch-polar secondary forest and larch plantation as the research object in Jilin Jingouling Forest Farm.13 kinds of widely distributed shrubs were selected to fitting plant biomass of single species mixed model and various species of different organ biomass model with the diameter D, Ac area, square of diameter D is multiplied by the height of the tree D2H and the crown multiplied the heighton CH as variables, select larger R2 and F,smaller SEE and E as the optimal model, then use the average tree method and optimal biomass model to analysis understory vegetation biomass and distribution characteristics of three types forest in the different canopy density.Finally using the Gleason richness index, Using Simpson and Shannon diversity index, Pielou evenness index to analysis shrub and herb diversity of the three types forest with different canopy or age, the main conclusions are the following:(1) Each model has a higher R2, F and smaller E and SEE value; Most models were quadratic equation or binary equation and power function; Each species optimal model has different variables, but arbor shrubs were always with variable D and D2H., Typical shrubs were always with factor Ac and CH; Estimated accuracy of single species mixed biomass model is quite with the prediction accuracy of each organ biomass model.(2) Understory biomass of three type forests with different canopy or age was significantly different. The understory vegetation biomass of the three type forests was dominated by the shrubs biomass, but the herbaceous biomass also possessed a large proportion. Spruce fir forest in canopy 0.2 degrees has a maximum biomass of understory vegetation and in canopy 1.0 is minimum;Shrub biomass is maximum at canopy density of 0.2 degrees and in canopy 0.8 degrees is minimum;Birch-polar secondary forest understory vegetation biomass, shrub biomass and herbaceous biomass were increased with the canopy density decreased, biomass in canopy 0.2 degrees is maximum and in canopy 1.0 degrees is the lowest. Artificial larch forest shrub and herb biomass increased with stand age increased, with increasing stand age, the proportion of understory vegetation biomass is more and more.(3) The vegetation biomass with a same canopy density of different type forests had a significant difference. Under the canopy density of 0.2 and 0.4 stands, birch-polar secondary forest understory vegetation biomass, shrub biomass and herbaceous biomass were greater than natural spruce fir forest; Understory vegetation biomass relationship with canopy 0.6 is:W(natural spruce fir forest)>W (poplar-birch forest)>W(artificial larch forest), but the shrub biomass relationship:W(poplar-birch forest)>W (natural spruce fir forest)> W (artificial larch forest); Canopy density of 0.8, three kinds of forest understory vegetation biomass almost equal, The understory vegetation biomass of artificial larch forest is maximum. In the canopy density 1.0, understory vegetation biomass,shrub biomass and herbaceous biomass were:W(artificial larch forest)> W(natural spruce fir forest)>W(poplar-birch forest).(4) The biomass of understory species distribution in three type forests of different canopy or age is different. The canopy density less than 0.6 of spruce fir forest, corylus mandshurica,ukurunduense and Syringa reticulate shrub occupy the leading position. Under the canopy density of 0.8 and 1.0, the arbor shrub acer ukurunduense occupy the leading position. Secondary forest of poplar-birch in the canopy of 0.2,0.4 and 0.6, spiraea is superior to other species, and canopy density of 0.8, arbor shrub acer ukurunduense occupy a dominant position, canopy density 1.0, lonicera japonica and other understory shrubs were the main components. In young larch plantation there is only several shrubs like few Sorbaria sorbifolia; In 38 and 52 year old stand, the largest contribution to the biomass of shrub and herb species was spiraea and in the mother trees stands, syringa reticulata occupy absolute advantage.(5) Forests with different canopy understory vegetation diversity is not consistent. Spruce fir forest shrub Gleason richness index is G (0.2)> G (0.8)> G (0.4)> G (1.0)> G (0.6), Simpson index, Shannon Wiener index and Pielou evenness index were:(0.2)> (0.4)> (0.8)> (1.0)> (0.6). Poplar birch secondary forest shrub Gleason index in the canopy density of 0.2 degrees is maximum, the other three diversity index in different canopy density showed a consistent trend, all in canopy density of 0.2 degrees is the highest diversity, and in 0.8 is minimum. In different age larch plantation forest shrub Gleason richness index showed:G(52)> G (mother stand)> G (38 years old)> G (17 years old), the other three shrub species diversity index in different age showed the same trend, namely (52 years old)> (38 years old)> (mother trees)> (17 years old), in 17 years old stands, only have the Gleason diversity index, the other three kinds of index is 0.(6)understory shrub and herb diversity in three type forests showed that Simpson diversity index showed:Dsi (spruce fir forest)> Dsi (poplar-birch forest)> Dsi(artificial larch forest), Shannon diversity index showed:H "(spruce fir forest)> H "(poplar-birch forest)> H "(artificial larch forest), Gleason richness index showed:G(poplar-birch forest)> G(spruce fir forest)> G (artificial larch forest), Pielou evenness index showed:Esh (spruce fir forest)> Esh (poplar-birch forest)> Esh (artificial larch forest); Herb diversity showed that the highest Simpson index is artificial larch and spruce fir forest is the lowest; Shannon diversity index of spruce fir forest vegetation is maximum, poplar-birch forest is minimum;but poplar-birch forest’s Gleason index was the highest and Larch is lowest. Pielou evenness index of spruce fir forest is higher than the other two type forests.