| China is a huge cow industry country, which ranked third in the world. Dairy farming bring a great pressure in environmental pollution, food energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. Energy saving and emission reduction work in dairy farming is extremely urgent. As a metabolic disease that affects dairy cows during transition periods, ketosis has a great economic impact on herds. But the study about dairy cows production performance, digestibility of feed and greenhouse gas emission was less.The objective of this study was to explore reproductive performance, digestive capacity and manure pollution condition. The production performance(lactation performance, reproductive performance and other disease conditions) of ketosis and healthy cows in two intensive dairy farm in Heilongjiang province were counted. The blood biochemical index, milk performance, digestibility and greenhouse gas emission characteristics of ketosis cows were tracked and studied.The results showed that the body condition of ketosis cows were higher than healthy cows significantly(p<0.05), the age, party have no significantly difference(p>0.05); The lactation cycle of ketosis cows were longer than healthy cows, the lactation yield were lower than healthy cows(p<0.05), There was no significant difference of dry period days of two groups(p>0.05); The mating times, mating days and calving interval of ketosis were longer than healthy cows significantly(p<0.05), the days of initial match days and first heat days had no significantly difference(p>0.05); There was no significant correlation between ketosis and displacement of the abomasum, retention of afterbirth, proventriculus slow, hoof disease, mastitis(p>0.05); We calculate in terms of 10 tons of milk, consumption and methane(CH4) emission were increase compared with healthy cows. Dairy cow tracking test showed that the concentration of plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA), aspartate transaminase(AST) and total bilirubine(TBIL) in ketosis cows were higher than healthy cows significantly(p<0.05), the concentration of glucose(GLU) and calcium(Ca) in ketosis cows were lower than healthy cows(p<0.05); Fat percentage of ketosis cows was higher than health cows significantly(p<0.05), the concentration of milk protein and lactose were lower than health cows(p<0.05); There were no significant difference of lactation yield between health cows and ketosis cows(p>0.05), the total feed intake, the amount of defecation, total urination of ketosis cows were lower than healthy cows but had no significantly(p>0.05), the energy-corrected milk/ dry matter intake(ECM/DMI)of ketosis cows were higher than health cows(p<0.05); There were no significant difference of the manure/DMI between two groups(p>0.05); The acid detergent fiber(ADF) of residual feed of dairy cattle in ketosis cows were lower than health cows(p<0.05); The concentration of gross energy(GE) in manure in ketosis were higher than health cows(p<0.05); The level of phosphorus(P) in urine were higher than health cows(p<0.05), compared with health cows, the level of magnesium(Mg) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) in ketosis cows were higher in ketosis cows, there were no difference of Ca, creatinine(CREA), uric acid(UA), urinary protein content(UPRO) between two groups(p>0.05); The results of fecal and greenhouse gas emission showed that the emission of CH4 and ammonia(NH3) had no significant difference between two groups, the emission of CH4 and NH3 have same trend between two groups; There were no significant difference of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N) between two groups(p>0.05).Conclusion:(1) The milk yield of ketosis cows decrease significantly, lactation cycle lengthen, the mating times, mating days and calving interval of ketosis cows increase, caused a significant loss to dairy farming.(2) Milk lactose and protein decreased, the quality of milk decreased.(3) The emission of P in urine increase, make pressure to environment.(4) The emission of NH3 and CH4 the concentration of COD and NH3-N had no significant difference between two groups. Milk yield decrease and lactation cycle lengthen cause the increase of food consumption and fecal and greenhouse gas emission. |
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