Effect Of Mulch In Fallow Period And Nitrogen And Phosphorus On Soil Water Storage, Yield And Qualities In Rain-fed Wheat Field

The study was carried out from 2013 to 2014 in experiment base of Shanxi Agriculture University in Wen xi. A field test was carried out to study Study of mulch in fallow period or water conservation and yield increase mode on soil water storage from 0—300cm (taking 20cm as a soil layer), agronomic characters of plant, the characteristics of nitrogen absorption and accumulation, formation of yield and quality, the accumulation of protein and nitrogen and phosphorus regulation in rain-fed wheat field.The major results were as follows:1.Compared with No-till residual film retention mode(NTRFRM) and No tillage mode(NTM), Tillage film mode(TFM) improved water storage efficiency 6.07—17.77%, 0-300 cm water storage at terminal stage(sowing stage) 17.21-50.44mm,and mainly stored in 120-300 cm, could be extended to the booting stage to ensure the water supply at the first critical period for laying the foundations of the grain number form.2. Compared with NTRFRM and NTM, TFM improved nitrogen accumulation amount in plant at different growth stages, N accumulation amount in plant at different growth stages, Emergency-Elongation ratio,Elongation-Anthesis ratio, translation amount of accumulated before anthesis and its Contribution,nitrogen accumulation amount after anthesis in plant.3. Compared with NTRFRM and NTM, TFM improved plant height, leaf area, grope tillers, dry-weight,and the significant difference at anthesis and mature, so improved spike number 11.50—30.35104plant/hm2 significantly, yield 142.03—417.83 kg/hm2 significantly, water use efficiency(WUE) 3.47—8.29%significantly.4. Compared with NTRFRM and NTM, TFM improved changes of grain GMP content after anthesis and grain free amino content, so improved protein content 4.17—4.82%significantly and protein quality(Glu/Gli) 2.29—5.12%significantly.5. Deep tillage and mulch mode in the period and 180 kg/hm2N fertilizer, promoted the coupling of water conservation and N fertilizer, optimized the structure of yield, spike number significantly, so improved yield and WUE.6. Deep tillage and mulch mode in the period, meanwhile150 kg/hm2N fertilizer and 150 kg/ hm2 P fertilizer were advantaged to absorb the moisture, promoted the coupling of water and N fertilizer to ensure the supply of at the first and second critical period, so improved spike number and grain number per spike, in the end improved yield and WUE; meanwhile 150 kg/ hm2N fertilizer and 135 kg/hm2were better.