Plant Growth-Promoting And Antifungal Activities Of Fir Needle Extracts

In this paper, the seed germination and the inhibition to Cytospora mandshurica etc of fir needle extracts were studied respectively Through field experiment, effects on promoting growth and control efficiency of 10% fir needle extracts EW to wheat and tomato were evaluated. It would provide a scientific basis for the study of using fir needle extracts for exploiting new botanical pesticides.The main results were following:1.The effects of fir needle extracts on seed germinationSeed germination of wheat and tomato under different concentration of fir needle extracts were tested by seed soaking method in the laboratory. Results showed that with the extension of processing time, the seed germination rates variation trend, were gradually increased.The peak time of tomato seeds germination which were treated by fir needle extracts was at 4th day and wheat was at 5th day, compared with control group, seed germination peak time were all ahead of Id. Under the concentration of 1000 mg/L,200 mg/L,100 mg/L fir needles processing, tomato germination rates at the 7th day were 93.33%,97.33% and 90%,which increased 12%,12%,16.80% than the control group,respectively.Wheat germination rates at the 7th day were 83.33%,90% and 80.67% which increased 16.82%,18.67% and 18.67% than control group respectively. Within 50 mg/L to 2000 mg/L concentration range,the seed germination rates and germination energy presented a trend from low to high and low, the seed germination rates and germination energy of tomato at the concentration of 200 mg/L was highest, germination rate increased 16.8% than control group, germination energy increased 29.7%. Wheat seed germination energy and germination rate were 45.33%,90%, which increased 26.2% and 51.1% than control group, respectively.2. Antifungal activities of fir needle extracts to plant pathogenic fungiThe antifungal activities of fir needle extracts to Botryosphaeria dothidea,Fusarium oxysporum,Botrytis cinerea, Cytospora mandshurica, Gibberella sanbinetti and Glomerella cingulata were studied in the laboratory by mycelial growth rate method. Results showed that at the concentration of 1g/mL, the fir needle extracts to several kinds of plant pathogenic fungi all had certain antifungal activities, the fir needle extracts showed most abvious antifungal activity to Cytospora mandshurica,the inhibition rate after 48h reached 92.13%, then were to Botryosphaeria dothidea,Fusarium oxysporum,Botrytis cinerea, the inhibition rates were between 50%-70%, the inhibition rate to Gibberella sanbinetti was 40.78%.3.The effects of fir needle extract on the growth, yield and quality to selected cropsField efficacy trials results showed that the fir needle extracts on the growth of tomato and wheat had a certain role in promoting. In tomato experiment,three groups of processing were designed,50ml/ha fir needles extract,50ml/ha Azoxystrobin chlorothalonil +fir needles extract (dosage ratio,1:1) and water control group. The yield of tomato of the two treatments with fir needle extracts increased 3.1% and 3.1% than control group, respectively. Quality analysis of tomato fruit after harvest showed that, the two treatments with fir needle extracts, soluble sugar content increased 19.8% and 19.8%, vc content increased 11.9% and 19.3%, soluble protein content increased 7.1% and 7.1%, titratable acid content decreased 5.2% and 7.3%, tomato dry matter content increased 5.2% and 5.2%, respectively. In wheat experiment,three groups of seed processing were designed,they were 50 ml/t fir needle extracts,50 ml/t isofenphos-methyl triadimefon+fir needle extracts (dosage ratio,1:1) and water control group. The yield of wheat of the two treatments with fir needle extracts increased 16.53% and 6.63%. Quality analysis of wheat after harvest showed that, the two treatments with fir needle extracts,dry matter content increased 1.7% and 1.7%, wheat protein content increased 28.2% and 28.2%,respectively.Visiblely, fir needle extracts can significantly improve the tomato soluble sugar, soluble protein, VC and dry matter content, decrease tomato titratable acid content, improve wheat protein and dry matter content.4.The control efficiency of fir needle extracts to tomato leaf mildewField efficacy results showed that 10% fir needle extracts EW had a certain control efficiency to tomato leaf mildew. The control efficiency of preparation diluted 500 fold, 1000 fold and 2000 fold were 41.67%,34.88% and 21.60% after 3d in the field. As the extension of time, the control effect increased gradually. The control efficiency On the 7th day after applying pesticide were 58.62%,50.45% and 31.33%, the control efficiency of 14th day were 70.26%,65.42% and 45.83% respectively. The control efficiency of 70% mancozeb superfine wettable powder usage of 200 g/mu, were 56.48%,70.24% and 78.05% after 3d,7d and 14d in the field, respectively.Visiblely, the control efficiency of 10% fir needle extracst EW diluted 500 fold was similar as 70% mancozeb superfine wettable powder, because it is a pure natural plant potions, therefore,it has a more significant effect of prevention and control of plant diseases and a broad application prospect.