| As wheat scab serious harm,since the 1970 s, China began to use carbendazim to control wheat scab. Long-term use of this single agent led to wheat scab resistant to it.therefore, searching and developing substitutes of carbendazim is our priority.So far,the alternative substitutes include new fungicide JS399-19, prochloraz and some compound,all of them have good control force on wheat scab.And the most effectual one is JS399-19,which could inhibited wheat scab growth.Through identifying resistance of wheat scab to JS-399-19 in 2013 and 2014 in Shanghai suburb,this research provided a theoretical basis for the fungicide resistance dynamic process and resistance management in the future, and the result of field experiment could provide production guidance for the application of JS399-19 in the region that had resistance to Carbendazim and its compound. The results were as follows:(1)This study exmined 26 Fusarium graminearum strains, which were separated and purified in 2013 and 2014,The mean value of EC50 were 0.083-0.46μg/ml, and the value of EC50 were 0.18-0.46μg/ml in 2013, 0.083-0.40μg/ml in 2014. The result showed that the strains tested were sensitive strains,and the sensitivity of each strain had no difference, although JS399-19 was used in different years.(2)Different fungicides affected on the heavy high carbendazim wheat, the results showed that the best control force of reagent was 25% JS399-19, reached 90.74%, the followed fungicide was Duo Tong, efficacy was 68.05%, the worst one is carbendazim, only 45.36%. The result showed that JS399-19 could be used to control wheat scab in the area having resistance to carbendazim.During the wheat growing, the grain number per spike is a key factor of wheat production, but the number of grains per spike of wheat is decided by the floret differentiation and fruit formation. With the study of flower organ development in higher plant, the model of flower development from ABC extended to ABCDE. Except for AP2, all of these genes belong to MADS-box gene family, So far, except class A gene the development of flowers in the monocot basically conforms to the model“ABCDE”. Although the study of wheat MADS-box gene increased gradually, there is no systematic research on wheat ABCDE gene expressing patterns. The study detected the expression of wheat MADS-box gene in flower developments by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR. The result showed that A、D and E gene expressed in all the floral organs, while A and E expressed t in the first round of floral organs palea highest, and the D gene expressed in the inner floral organ highest; B gene expressed in the second round of floral organs highest, followed in the third round, palea was the least, and there was no expression in the first rond. C gene expressed in the third round of floral organs highest,pistil and lodicule times, no expression in glum, lemma and palea in the first round is very low expression. The result showed that there were similarities and differences among the ABCDE gene expression in wheat,Arabidopsis and rice. The difference maybe resulted from the different function of genes. |
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