| Dongmu 70, a green manure usually planted in Shandong tobacco production area in winter,was often influenced by drought and low temperature and other environmental factors. Weconducted a laboratory incubation experiment to determine the property soil moisture andtemperature for Dongmu70 growth. Developmental morpha, dry matter accumulation and nutrientabsorption of Dongmu70 were detected in this experiment. The developmental model andnutrition absorption model were developed based on growing degree-day. The models werevalidated and was used to optimize the suitable sowing dates in Shandong area. And themanagement plans were made according to the model.(1) The maximum leaf lengths, leaf numbers, tiller numbers, fresh and dry weights under 70~75%FC were higher than that of 40~45% FC and 55~60% FC. Soil moisture also affected thedistribution of dry matter, the ratios of root/shoot increased gradually with the reduction of soilwater contents. The photosynthesis of Dongmu 70 were inhibited with the reduction of soilmoisture: the net photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, stomatal conductances, water useefficiencies and stomatal limitations declined significantly; while the intercellular CO2 concentrations increased significantly. It can be certain that non-stomatal limitations resulted inthe decline of the photosynthetic rates. With the reduction of soil moisture, the carbon, nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium concentration and accumulation of Dongmu 70 declined significantly, butthe cellulose and lignin content increased significantly, the ratios of carbon-nitrogen also increasedgradually. In conclusion, 70~75% soil water content is best for the growth and development ofgreen manure.(2) The order of the maximum leaf lengths, leaf numbers and fresh and dry weights of Dongmu70 of different temperatures treatment were 20 ℃ > 15 ℃ > 25 ℃ > 10 ℃, the maximum leaflengths, leaf numbers and fresh and dry weights of 10℃and 25℃treatments were lower than20℃ and 15℃ significantly. The photosynthesis of Dongmu 70 were inhibited with the reductionof soil moisture: the net photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, stomatal conductances, water useefficiencies and stomatal limitations declined significantly; while the intercellular CO2 concentrations increased significantly. It is the non-stomatal limitation that resulted the decline ofthe photosynthetic rates at low temperature or high temperature. The cellulose and lignin contentwas positively correlated with the temperature conditions. The order of the carbon, nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium concentration and accumulation of Dongmu 70 was 20℃>15℃>25℃>10℃, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulation of Dongmu 70 decreased slightly in thelate with the decrease of the growth rate under 10 ℃ and 25 ℃. In conclusion, the maximummorphological indexes, biomass, nutrient content and accumulation of Dongmu 70 was the largestunder 20℃, it was the best temperature for Dongmu 70 to grow, and 15℃ second. Long time ofhigh-temperature and low-temperature processing weren’t conducive to to the growth anddevelopment of green manure.(3) According to the optimum transplanting period, the nutrient release of green manure afterplowing, the accumulated optimum for Dongmu 70 growth in Shandong tobacco production area,calculated the optimum planting time is September 22~24, 2011 and September 19~21, 2012 andOctober 1~3, 2013 in 2011~2014. According to the meteorological data and growth model, wehighlighted the appropriate field management techniques measures during the growth of greenmanure, We began to strengthen field management and fertilizer from September 27, 2011 andSeptember 23, 2012 and October 5, 2013, we began to increase the amount of applied nitrogenfertilizer from October21~22, 2011 and October21~22, 2012 and November 4~5, 2013. We shouldreduce the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer from March 3, 2012 and November 30, 2013 andMarch 21, 2014. At the same time, with Dongmu 70 entered the saturation stage and buried, weshould reduce the water and fertilizer supply. |
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