The Influence Of Fertilization Parts On Growth And Soil Water And Nitrate Distilution Of Wheat And Maize Under Ridge-furrow Intercroping

Ridge and furrow intercropping is a new concept that based on the natural conditionsand socie-economic conditions, for the purpose of improving land use efficiency andreducing agricultural water consumption in this area. Ridge-furrow irrigation was birthed anddeveloped in accompany with ridge-furrow intercropping fields. The ridge-furrowconfiguration is built by shaping the soil surface with alternate ridges and furrows along thecontour. In ridge-furrow irrigation, the flow water only transports on furrows and supplieswater to crops. The flow water on furrows infiltrates into ridge-furrow configuration bycapillarity forces, and lateral infiltrated water volume must meet the needs of the plantsgrown on the ridges of soil or raised beds. A simulating experiment of ridge and furrowintercropping was carried out,wheat and maize is the experiment material, the wheat wasplanted on the ridge and maize planted in the furrow, in order to investigate the effect ongrowth index、yield and yield components of wheat and maize、soil water and nitrogendistribution characteristics under different fertilizer method （flat fertilization、ridge topfertilization、ridge bottom fertilization and furrow fertilization），which provide theoretical guidanceto irrigation technique optimization and management in field experiments. The main resultsare as follows:1) Different parts of fertilization have a certain effect on the plant height and leaf area ofintercropped wheat and maize, ridge-furrow intercropping help to increase plant height andleaf area. Compare to flat fertilization, the wheat plant height under the treatment of ridge topfertilization、ridge bottom fertilization and furrow fertilization respectively increased by8.8%,10.9%and4.2%,, leaf area respectively increased by12%,15%and10%, the maize plantheight respectively increased by8.6%,9.8%and7.1%, leaf area respectively increased by12.6%,14.5%and13.8%.2) Ridge-furrow intercropping had obvious effect on save water and increase yield. Inthe same level of nitrogen condition, wheat yield under the treatment of ridge topfertilization、ridge bottom fertilization and furrow fertilization respectively increased11.47%,10.81%and10.22%more than flat fertilization, maize yield respectively increased by 18.87%,22.70%and13.76%. Each treatment, the highest irrigation water use efficiencyfertilization is the ridge bottom fertilization, compare to flat fertilization, the irrigation wateruse efficiency of ridge top fertilization, ridge top fertilization and furrow fertilizationrespectively increased by16%,18.1%and12.5%.3) Under the same conditions of irrigation, the effect on soil moisture of the differentin the surface topography is greater than different of fertilization parts. Ridge-furrowintercropping could improve the soil moisture effectively. In whole growth period, soilmoisture of ridge upper parts under the treatments of top fertilization. In the heading stage ofwheat, there is the most significant difference of the soil moisture between ridge-furrowintercropping and flat planting. The ridge part soil moisture of the ridge top fertilization、ridge bottom fertilization and furrow fertilization were respectively increased23.3%,18.8%and29.01%more than flat fertilization, and the furrow part soil moisture respectivelyincreased by38.3%,24.3%and45.48%more than flat fertilization.4) The positions of fertilization have a significant impact on the soil nitrate distributionunder ridge-furrow intercropping conditions, on the wheat growing area, soil nitrate of ridgetop fertilization and ridge bottom fertilization were mainly distributed in the initialfertilization position, while the soil nitrate of flat fertilization treatment have horizontal andvertical transport with the moisture after irrigation, it mainly accumulated on40~60cm soillayer, content reaches24mg kg-1, in the furrow maize growing areas, affected by irrigationand nitrate are downward10~20cm depth migration. And the furrow fertilization is moreserious, the nitrate content of60~70cm soil layer maximum reach28mg kg-1, followed bythe flat fertilization,60~70cm soil nitrate content reach22mg kg-1.5) There are little difference of soil ammonium nitrogen distribution between thedifferent treatment, the soil ammonium nitrogen remaining at10~15mg kg-1in the wholegrowth period. However, the organs of wheat and maize have significantly different nitrogencontent, compared to the flat fertilization, the wheat leaves, stalks, grain and roots nitrogencontent under the ridge furrow fertilization treatment maximum respectively increased38.2%,32.3%,18%and31.9%, and maize leaves, stalks, grain and roots nitrogen contentmaximum respectively increased by20.6%,10.3%,15.1%and13.4%.